恶臭气体污染已成为城市化进程中突出的环境问题，影响区域和谐与公共健康，因此有效识别和监测恶臭气体成为迫切需求。本文总结了恶臭气体监测技术的现状，明确了无机和有机类恶臭气体的来源、理化性质以及致臭机理，介绍了传感器、电子鼻、质谱和环境光学等多种监测技术，分析了各种技术的优劣势和适用场景，探讨了当前技术在监测精度与灵敏 度、传感器选择与配置、环境干扰、成本与可行性及数据处理实时性等方面面临的挑战。随着材料科学、人工智能和系统集 成技术的不断进步，恶臭气体监测技术将变得更加高效、精准和智能化，为环境保护和公共健康提供坚实的技术支持。

 Odor pollution has been an environmental issue in the process of global urbanization. Effectively monitoring and identifying  malodorous gases is a critical topic in the fields for environmental management and public health. This paper reviews the current status and development of monitoring technologies for odor. It identifies the sources, physical and chemical properties as well as odor-causing mechanisms of inorganic and organic types of odor gases. Various monitoring technologies are introduced, including sensors, e-nose, mass spectrum and environmental optics. The advantages, disadvantages, and applicable scenarios of each technology are analyzed. Challenges such as monitoring accuracy, sensitivity, sensor selection, environmental interference, cost feasibility, and real-time data processing are also discussed. With the continuous advancement of materials science, artificial intelligence, and system integration technology, monitoring technologies for odor will become more efficient, accurate, and intelligent. They will provide solid technical support for environmental protection and public health.