疾病的早期诊断是改善患者预后的关键，尤其是对于癌症等重大慢性疾病，早期精准诊断能够显著提高患者的生存率并降低其医疗负担。近年来，生物传感技术与DNA纳米技术的深度融合有力地推动了生物医学领域的快速发展，在突破传统诊断方法局限的同时，促进疾病诊断向更精准的分子表型分析转变，进而通过提升检测技术的灵敏性、特异性及实时监测能力等，为疾病早期发现和病程监测提供有力工具。本文以本团队近5年工作为例，系统介绍了面向生命健康的生物传感技 术最新研究进展，重点聚焦肿瘤细胞、细胞外囊泡以及细菌等标志物的新型生物传感技术研究，旨在为重大慢性疾病的早期筛查和精准干预提供新思路。

 Early diagnosis of diseases is essential for improving the prognosis of the patients, particularly for those with major chronic diseases, such as cancers, as early and precise diagnosis can significantly enhance the survival rates of the patients and reduce their healthcare burdens. In recent years, the in-depth integration of biosensing technology and DNA nanotechnology has greatly promoted the rapid advancements in the biomedical field, effectively overcoming the limitations of traditional diagnostic methods and enabling the transition of disease diagnosis to more accurate molecular phenotypic analysis. This advancement has substantially improved the sensitivity, specificity, and real-time monitoring capabilities of the biosensing techniques, providing powerful tools for early disease diagnosis and progression monitoring. This paper, taking the work of our team in recent five years as an example, systematically introduces the progress in biosensing techniques focusing on life and health, particularly highlighting the development of the biosensing techniques in the detection of different biomarkers, such as tumor cells, extracellular vesicles, and bacteria. These developments may pave the way to promote the early screening and precise intervention of major chronic diseases.