生物催化材料作为一种前沿交叉研究方向，融合了仿生化学与材料科学的创新理念，通过发挥材料的催化功能并引入可调控的微纳米结构，为突破传统治疗手段的局限性提供全新的解决策略。其显著优势在于组成、形貌及表面化学性质的精确调控，针对性调节疾病微环境中的关键化学反应，从而实现高选择性、高效率的治疗干预。生物催化材料所介导的反应不仅能够促进活性分子的原位生成与富集，还可增强治疗效果，降低系统性毒副作用。本文梳理了生物催化材料的构建原则与设计优化路径，探讨了其在泛催化疾病干预中的作用机制及应用前景，并对其临床转化过程中所面临的关键科学与技术挑战进行展望。

  Catalytic biomaterials represent a cutting-edge interdisciplinary research frontier that bridges biomimetic chemistry with advanced materials science. By harnessing the intrinsic catalytic properties of engineered materials and incorporating precisely tunable nanostructures, these systems offer transformative strategies to address the inherent limitations of conventional therapeutic modalities. A key advantage of catalytic biomaterials lies in their finely controlled composition, morphology, and surface chemical functionalities, which collectively enable the targeted modulation of critical biochemical reactions within pathological microenvironments. Such modulation facilitates the localized and sustained generation of bioactive species, thereby enhancing therapeutic specificity and efficacy while simultaneously minimizing systemic toxicity and adverse effects. This review systematically elucidates the fundamental design principles and optimization strategies for constructing catalytic biomaterials, explores their mechanistic pathways in disease modulation, and highlights their translational potential in clinical pancatalytic disease treatments. Furthermore, it identifies and discusses the major scientific and technological challenges that must be addressed to advance the clinical integration of these promising therapeutic platforms.