作为新兴治疗技术，光学治疗凭借无创性、靶向性、空间可控性及低毒副作用等特点，在癌症治疗领域备受关注。光学治疗主要包括光动力疗法(PDT)和光热疗法(PTT)两大类。文章首先概述了光疗发展历程，继而阐述两类疗法的作用机制、光敏剂和光热剂的分类及其联合治疗策略在肿瘤治疗中的应用，最后分析光疗技术发展面临的主要挑战。总体而言，光疗在癌症治疗中显示出巨大潜力。随着技术的不断革新和成熟，光疗有望成为生物医学领域发展进程中的重要里程碑。

As an emerging treatment technology, phototherapy has attracted widespread attentions in the field of cancer treatment due to its non-invasive, targeted, spatially controllable nature and relatively low toxicity and side effects. There are two main types of phototherapy: photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy. The article first briefly introduces the development history of phototherapy, and then describes the mechanism of the two types of phototherapy, the classification of photosensitizers and photothermal agents, and the application of combination therapy in cancer treatment. Finally, it lists the main challenges in the development of phototherapy technology. In short, phototherapy shows great potential in cancer treatment. With continuous technological innovation and maturity, phototherapy is expected to become a major milestone in the field of biomedicine.