心血管疾病(CVD)是全球致死率最高的疾病之一，其早期诊断和动态监测面临重大挑战。液体活检以非侵入性、高灵敏度和动态监测等优势，为CVD的早期筛查、病程追踪和精准治疗提供了新方向。本文综述了液体活检在心血管疾病领域的研究进展，对三类关键生物标志物，细胞外囊泡(EVs)、循环游离核酸及心肌特异性蛋白(如肌钙蛋白、脑钠肽)进行了系统介绍。在检测技术方面，详细探讨了数字PCR、高通量测序、质谱分析及微流体芯片等，特别强调了多技术联用策略在实现疾病标志物的高效捕获与定量分析方面的重要价值。最后，本文探讨了液体活检在心血管疾病临床应用中面临的挑战和未来发展前景。

 Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain one of the leading causes of global mortality, while their early diagnosis and real-time monitoring continue to present significant clinical challenges. Liquid biopsy, by virtue of its non-invasiveness, superior sensitivity, and capacity for longitudinal surveillance, provides a new approach for early screening, disease progression monitoring, and precision treatment of CVD. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements in liquid biopsy applications for cardiovascular diseases, methodologically delineating three pivotal biomarker classes: extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating cell free nucleic acids, and cardiac-specific proteins exemplified by troponin and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). In terms of detection technology, this review comprehensively evaluates emerging platforms spanning digital PCR, high-throughput sequencing, mass spectrometry, and microfluidic chips, with particular emphasis on the critical value of multi-technology integration strategies to achieve synergistic enhancement in biomarker capture efficiency and analytical precision. Finally, this review discusses the challenges and future prospects of liquid biopsy in clinical applications for cardiovascular diseases.