近年来全球破纪录极端野火频发，造成严重的生命和财产损失，为气候与生态环境恶化敲响了警钟。野火是一类高度 复合的极端事件，通常伴随着高温、低相对湿度、强风和干旱多种气象条件的复合。近些年来为何极端野火频发？与气候变化有何联系？本文从野火形成的气象条件、野火的长期变化及原因、野火对气候和生态系统的影响三方面逐层递进展开介绍。气候变化与野火之间存在重要的反馈过程：一方面，伴随气候变化下高温和干旱的增加，全球极端野火呈现增加趋势； 另一方面，极端野火会产生大量温室气体和气溶胶排放，并影响生态系统，从而对区域和全球气候产生反馈。这些复杂的反馈过程给人类适应气候与环境变化带来了挑战。

 Record-breaking extreme wildfires have occurred frequently around the globe in recent years, causing severe loss of life and property and sounding the alarm for climate and ecological changes. Wildfires are a type of compound extreme events, often with a combination of high temperatures, low relative humidity, strong winds, and droughts. Why have extreme wildfires occurred frequently in recent years? What is the possible connection with climate change? This article covers three topics: the meteorological conditions for wildfires, long-term changes of wildfires and their climatic causes, and the impacts of wildfires on climate and ecosystems. There is strong feedback between climate change and wildfires. On one hand, the wildfire risk is increasing with high temperatures and droughts under climate change. On the other hand, extreme wildfires can produce large amounts of greenhouse gas and aerosol emissions, as well as affect ecosystems, which can further feedback to regional and global climate. The complex feedbacks pose challenges for adaptation to climate and environmental changes.