自然杂志 >

2026 , Vol. 48 >Issue 1: 1 - 8

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2026.01.001

特约专稿

青藏高原与亚洲夏季风

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  • ①中国科学院大气物理研究所，地球系统数值模拟与应用全国重点实验室，北京 100029；②中国科学院大气物理研究所，大气和海洋动力学实验室，北京 100029
何编，研究方向：青藏高原气候动力学及数值模拟。

收稿日期: 2026-01-01

  网络出版日期: 2026-02-06

基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(42475020)

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The Tibetan Plateau and Asian summer monsoon

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  • ① State Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; ② Laboratory of Atmospheric and Oceanic Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China

Received date: 2026-01-01

  Online published: 2026-02-06

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摘要

亚洲夏季风异常导致的旱涝灾害对人类社会生活具有重大影响，青藏高原作为亚洲夏季风系统重要的地形强迫源，其动力和热力强迫对亚洲夏季风的环流和降水具有重要调节作用。然而，由于青藏高原地形和亚洲季风系统本身的复杂性，人们对高原热动力强迫作用如何影响亚洲夏季风机理的认识仍旧存在争议。本文从理论和数值模拟两个方面简要介绍青藏高原地形强迫作用对周边大气环流的影响机制，阐明包括青藏-伊朗高原在内的亚洲大地形抬升加热对等熵面的扰动是驱动季风环流的本质作用力，明确了目前国际气候系统模式对亚洲夏季风降水的模拟偏差与青藏高原热力强迫作用的联系，提出了青藏高原“地表位涡强迫”概念来理解青藏高原气候动力学效应。该指数可用来定量理解目前气候模式对青藏高原地表热力动力强迫模拟的作用。基于FGOALS-f气候系统模式，本文最后给出了青藏高原地表位涡强迫指数与亚洲夏季风降水的定量化关系。

关键词： 青藏高原; 热力强迫; 亚洲季风; 位涡; 数值模拟

本文引用格式

何编, 吴国雄, 刘屹岷, 包庆, 生宸, 何欣雨, 刘潇喻, 冯适健, 郭彤 . 青藏高原与亚洲夏季风[J]. 自然杂志, 2026 , 48(1) : 1 -8 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2026.01.001

Abstract

The Asian summer monsoon exhibits pronounced variability that can trigger severe droughts and floods with profound societal impacts. As a primary topographic forcing of the monsoon system, the Tibetan Plateau plays a crucial role in regulating large-scale circulation and precipitation through combined dynamic and thermodynamic effects. However, owing to the intrinsic complexity of both the Plateau’s topography and the Asian monsoon system, the relative importance of these forcings on Asian summer monsoon remains a subject of ongoing debate. In this study, the influence of Tibetan Plateau topography on atmospheric circulation is examined through both theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. It is demonstrated that elevated surface heating over Asian large-scale orography, particularly the Tibetan–Iranian Plateau, induces perturbations of isentropic surfaces that constitute a fundamental driving mechanism of the monsoon circulation. Furthermore, systematic biases in the simulation of Asian summer monsoon precipitation in state-of-the-art climate models are shown to be closely linked to deficiencies in the representation of Plateau thermal forcing. To better quantify the climatic dynamical effects of the Plateau, the concept of surface potential vorticity forcing framework is proposed, providing an integrated metric for evaluating how surface thermodynamic and dynamic processes over the Plateau are represented in models. Based on simulations with the FGOALS-f climate system model, a quantitative relationship between this forcing index and Asian summer monsoon precipitation is established.

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