随着人类海洋开发的步伐不断加快，水下机器人技术作为人类探索海洋最重要的手段得到了空前的重视和发展。作者对水下机器人进行了定义与分类，介绍了近年来国内外水下机器人的发展现状与发展趋势，重点针对智能水下机器人的主要关键技术及未来发展方向进行了分析。

With the fast pace of ocean exploitation, unmanned underwater vehicles，as the most important means of ocean exploration for human, gained unprecedented attention and development. In this article, the definition and classification of the unmanned underwater vehicles are given. The current status and developing tendency of unmanned underwater vehicles in recent years are introduced, and the key technologies and future development direction of autonomous underwater vehicle are analyzed.