纳米技术持续、健康的发展要求我们了解纳米材料的安全性。2004年以来，纳米材料生物效应和安全性研究发展迅速，形成一个跨学科的研究领域，并受到政府、学界、企业和社会公众等的广泛关注。文中叙述了纳米材料安全性评估的迫切性和重要意义，重点讨论了该领域的最新发展方向，包括纳米产品、工作场所和环境的安全等，同时简单讨论了纳米标准化、纳米技术风险管理和纳米伦理研究与纳米安全性研究的关系。

The sustainable development of nanotechnology requires the comprehensive understanding on the safety of nanomaterials. Since 2004, researches on the biological effects and safety evaluation of nanomaterials have been developing rapidly and grown to an interdisciplinary field, nanotoxicology. The safety issue of nanotechnology attracts the attentions of the academic, enterprise, government and public. The authors described the urgency and importance of safety evaluation on nanomaterials, and focused on the latest progress related to nano-product, workplace and environment. In addition, a brief discussion on the standardization in nanotechnology, the nano-ethics and the risk management of nanotechnology was presented.