高性能计算（超级计算）技术是国家发展的战略性制高点技术。本文介绍了高性能计算技术的重要地位及当今世界各国装备应用情况；介绍了高性能机的发展历史与分类、最近十年的标志性成果及最近一年的世界最快计算机的前10名；分析了发展高性能计算技术的主要难点和研究方向；展望了未来十年发展的巨大新挑战。

High performance computing (HPC), or supercomputing, is one of the most crucial technologies for the development of the country. This paper describes the important role of HPC and its actual application in various countries of the present world.  Then, it introduces the history of the development of high performance computers and their classification,  the landmark achievements in their development in the recent ten years and the top ten supercomputers of the world in the year from July, 2010 to June, 2011.  Finally, the paper presents the analysis of the main difficulties and the research trends in HPC’s development and looks into the major new challenges in HPC’s further advance in the next ten years.