倭蜂猴是一种学界知之甚少的灵长类动物，主要分布在越南、老挝、柬埔寨东部和中国云南南部，在中国被列为国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物，属于云南省极小种群之一。21世纪初以来，中国倭蜂猴种群数量锐减，目前急需开展保护工作。笔者对倭蜂猴的形态、分布、种群数量调查、食性、繁殖、栖息位点的选择和范围、生理生态等生态学资料进行了整理。在此基础上，总结倭蜂猴的生态学特性，阐明其科学意义，并简要探讨目前倭蜂猴研究热点及前景。

The pygmy slow loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus) is a little studied primate endemic to Vietnam, Laos, eastern Cambodia and southern Yunnan province of China. The pygmy slow loris has been categorized as band Ⅰ in the first key protected wild animals in China and is one of the “extremely small population” in Yunnan province. Since the early 21st century, population of pygmy slow loris declines sharply. Urgent actions are required to promote them. We collect the ecological data of the most intensive field studies of pygmy slow loris, involve morphology, distribution, population surveys, food habits, breeding, sleeping sites selection and range, physiological ecology. On this basis, we summarize the ecological characteristics of pygmy slow loris, clarify its scientific significance and briefly discuss the current pygmy slow loris research hotspots and prospects.