NaCl盐的结晶形态及在莫高窟壁画疱疹病害中的作用

胡红岩，陈港泉，钱玲，容波，靳治良，周铁， 苏伯民，吕功煊

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2016.01.006

自然杂志 >

2016 , Vol. 38 >Issue 1: 39 - 44

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2016.01.006

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NaCl盐的结晶形态及在莫高窟壁画疱疹病害中的作用

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①中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所羰基合成与选择氧化国家重点实验室，兰州 730000；②敦煌研究院保护研究所国家古代壁画保护工程技术研究中心，甘肃敦煌 736200；③秦始皇帝陵博物院陶质彩绘文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地，陕西临潼 710600

收稿日期: 2015-09-02

网络出版日期: 2016-02-23

基金资助

国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2012CB720901、2012CB720905)，国家自然科学基金面上项目(21177021)和国家文物局文物科学和技术研究课题(20110207)资助

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NaCl crystal and its roles on the blister damage at the wall-painting of Mogao Grottoes

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①State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; ②National Ancient Mural Protection Engineering Technology Research Center, The Conservation Research Institute of The Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang 736200, Gansu Province, China; ③Key Scientific Research Base of Ancient Polychrome Pottery Conservation, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum, Lintong 710600, Shaanxi Province, China

Received date: 2015-09-02

Online published: 2016-02-23

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摘要

盐溶解、结晶作用造成的疱疹病害是引起敦煌莫高窟壁画颜料脱落的重要原因。对导致盐害的主要成分及其存在形态和作用机理进行了深入研究。微观上可溶盐(NaCl、Na₂SO₄、CaCl₂)和微溶盐(CaSO₄)结晶以小晶粒或者包裹一些非晶体物质团聚态的形态赋存在壁画孔隙中，盐结晶的聚集体一般呈立方体或近立方体状。病害的形成是由于可溶盐和微溶盐之间的溶解-结晶相互作用。Na₂SO₄结晶或水合物收缩孔隙，降低了NaCl结晶对孔隙的局限压。

关键词： 莫高窟壁画; 疱疹病害; 氯化钠; 硫酸钠

本文引用格式

胡红岩，陈港泉，钱玲，容波，靳治良，周铁，苏伯民，吕功煊 . NaCl盐的结晶形态及在莫高窟壁画疱疹病害中的作用[J]. 自然杂志, 2016 , 38(1) : 39 -44 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2016.01.006

Abstract

Salt dissolution and crystallization are the important reasons of the blister diseases of mural paints at Mogao Grottoes. The main components, forms and its damage mechanism for murals blister diseases were studied. NaCl crystal was present in little grain salt, usually adhered or covered by some amorphous material. NaCl salt crystal aggregated in the form of a cubic or near cubic state in the blister samples. The damages of the murals blister diseases were caused by the dissolving and crystallizing of NaCl salt. Na2SO4 crystal and its crystallized water led to more serious damages. Na2SO4 crystal and hydrates shrinked pores, which reduced the limitation pressure of NaCl crystal among the pores.

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