深海微生物硝化作用通过化能自养固定无机碳，是深海生态系统中重要的能量来源途径，直接影响深海生态系统的食物网结构和深海的碳储库。近年来氨氧化古菌的发现，对这一生物地球化学过程的传统认识提出了新的挑战，同时也带来了新的科学问题，为认识硝化作用化能自养的固碳机制提供了新的研究方向。通过系统评述深海硝化作用驱动的自养固碳过程和机制以及由此带来的生态环境效应，为相关领域的深入研究提供参考。

Nitrification, the two-step oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite, plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle by fixing CO2 with the form of chemolithoautotrophy, and consequently influencing the organic carbon pool and food web structure in the dark ocean. It has long been assumed that the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification, ammonia oxidation, was restricted to a few groups within the domain Bacteria. However, the recent discovery of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) has seriously challenged our understanding of the microbial ecology and biogeochemistry of nitrification in the ocean. Therefore, the biogeochemical mechanism of CO2 fixation by microbial nitrification is largely unknown. The multi-disciplinary studies in this field have expanded and
strengthened the existing oceanographic carbon-nitrogen network, and increased our understanding on microbial and biogeochemical process of autotrophic production by marine nitrification. In this paper we reviewed the progress of microbial nitrification and chemolithpautotrophy carbon fixation in the deep sea, which would offer a reference for the researchers in this field.