2018年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了两位科学家，用于表彰其在“抑制负向免疫调节用于肿瘤治疗”方面的发现与贡献。文章回顾了两位科学家所发现的免疫检查点从机制发现到临床应用的发展历程，并详细说明了这些原创性发现对于肿瘤治疗产生的深远影响。

In 2018, the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine was awarded to James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation. This article reviews the process of immune checkpoints discovered by the two scientists from the mechanism to clinical trials. The immune therapy gives human an opportunity to cure tumor.