安全有效地治疗慢性疼痛是全球性尚未解决的医疗难题，现有的治疗或是部分有效，或是因其副作用而被限制使用。对慢性疼痛病理学相关的特定基因功能研究的快速进展，例如阐明编码外周电压门控钠通道的基因功能，能够推进疼痛药物治疗的发展。以电压门控钠通道Na_v1.7为例，综述了对患者细胞进行特异性诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs)操作并分化成感觉神经元，以及在结构建模方面取得的进展，展示了从基础研究到临床转化的可能性。这些新的方法将有望实现从试错治疗到基因引导的疼痛精确药物治疗的转变。

Chronic pain is a global unmet medical need. Most available treatments are only partially effective or have side effects that limit their utilities. Rapid progress has been made to elucidate the contributions of specific genes to the chronic pain, suggesting possibility to advance pain pharmacotherapy. Focusing on voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 as an example, this article reviews recent progress in painpharmacogenomics, new development of disease models using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived sensory neurons, as well as advances in structural modeling and electrophysiology recording.These new approaches will hopefully transform the treatment of pain from trial-and-error toward precision pharmacotherapy.