Abstract: In this paper， the scientific content and research trend of environmental nanoscience and nanotechnology were introduced, and the difference between nanoscale pollutions (Nps) and artificial nanomaterials was also discussed. The author pointed out that Nps came from natural and unintentional/intentional anthropogenic activities, which have existed for many many years, whereas artificial nanomaterials were born only for several ten years. Up to now, there are no reports on environmental security accidents caused by nanotechnology. However, in order to guide correctly the application of nanomaterials, the negative effects arising probably from nanomaterials should be investigated to avoid or reduced the environmental security risk. In this review paper，the author emphasized that nanotechnology, as a most powerful technique, can provide new opportunities for improving in environment, such as detection, remediation and treatment for NPs.

Key words: Nanotechnology Environmental security Negative effect Environmental remediation and treatment