Abstract: Enzymes are biological catalysts and involved in almost all life processes by catalyzing chemical reactions. So the studies
on enzyme do not only deepen the understanding of life phenomenon, but also provide new treatments for related diseases. It is the
discovery of cell-free fermentation in 1897 that initiates modern enzymology. From then, several achievements were made including
separation and synthesis of coenzyme, identification on protein nature of enzyme, discovery of catalytic RNA in the following several
decades. In addition, the elucidation of primary structure of ribonuclease is important for connection between the amino acid sequence
and the biologically active conformation, and connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity. These achievements greatly
expand the understanding the nature of enzyme, and scientists who contributed to these were awarded the Nobel Prize.

Key words: enzyme, Nobel Prize, coenzyme, protein, catalytic RNA, ribonuclease