Chinese Journal of Nature

The history and a new version of unified field theory

CHEN Zhi-Yuan

2014, 36(3): 157-164.

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This essay provides a brief description of the history and a new version of unified field theory. It starts from ancient Greek and Chinese philosophers’inspirations and goes down to the modern era. After completion of general relativity, Einstein spent rest of his life search for unified field theory without success. Since 1970s, a new generation of physicists involved. The spring theory is based on quantum theory and multidimensional space. The loop theory is based on general relativity with background independence. After thousands of talented physicists and mathematicians forty some years of extensive effort, the unified field theory is still far of reach. Now is the time for a second thought. The author spent eight years to develop a unified field theory entitled “A New Version of Unified Field Theory—Stochastic Quantum Space Theory on Particle Physics and Cosmology” published in Journal of Modern Physics, 2013, Vol. 4, No. 10, pp. 1213-1380. The Stochastic Quantum Space (SQS) theory based on simple postulations builds a framework with dozens of theoretical results agreed with experiments well. It has 25 predictions for verifications. SQS theory provided the basic equations for unified field theory, which are based on general relativity Einstein’s equation for vacuum and redefined the gauge tensor by multiplying Gaussian probability. The preliminary analysis for photon and electron shows reasonable agreement with experiments.

Initiation of East Asian monsoon system related to Tibetan Plateau uplift from the latest Oligocene to the earliest Miocene

XIAO Guo-qiao①;ZHANG Chun-xia②;GUO Zheng-tang③

2014, 36(3): 165-169.

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The East Asian climate were transformed from a zonal pattern to a monsoon-dominated pattern from the latest Oligocene to the earliest Miocene (25~22 Ma). Recent geological evidence indicates significant uplift of the NE Tibetan Plateau during this interval, timely coupled with the initiation of East Asian monsoon system and onset of desertification in the Asian interior, thus supporting the modeling results that the initiation of East Asian monsoon system is mainly related to the uplift of northern Tibetan Plateau.

Uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau and evolutions of East Asian monsoon and Asian inland arid environments

LIU Xiao-dong;SHI Zheng-guo;GUO Qing-chun;WANG Zhao-sheng

2014, 36(3): 170-175. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2014.

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As a major geological event in the Earth’s history, the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau on the Asian climate and environment had a defining influence. During the past decades, many scholars from China and abroad have studied climatic and environmental effects of the plateau uplift by a variety of climate numerical models. These modeling studies have greatly deepened our understanding of mechanisms on the evolutions of Asian monsoon and Asian interior aridity. In recent researches on“plateau uplift- climate response”, an important progress is recognizing that there exists a close relationship between the Asian regional climate response and the form of the Tibetan Plateau uplift. This paper conducts a general introduction, focusing on a comprehensive analysis of a series
of sub-regional uplift simulations. It is pointed that the uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau produced significant impacts on the evolution of the East Asian monsoon and Asian inland arid climates, with northward shifts of East Asian summer monsoon circulation and rainfall, and expansions or enhancements in arid regions, atmospheric dust loading and sedimentary areas as the most prominent features. A great deal of enlightenment is gained from these modeling results for the paleo-environmental researches of East Asia and thus many new scientific questions are raised.

Landform evolution and the uplift of northeastern Tibetan Plateau

LU Hua-Yu Wang-Xian-Yan VANDENBERGHE Jef

2014, 36(3): 176-181.

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Growth and the uplift process of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is a long-time and widely interested in scientific issue. Coupling of the high mountain belts and the synorogenic basins distributed in northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is a result of plateau growth; this coupled system is a very important geological archive of the plateau uplift during the Cenozoic era. Our investigations on sedimentary and landform evolution in the region of Xining Basin show that this mountain-basin system was formed since at least ~ 50 Ma (million years) ago, the relatively stable fluvial-lacustrine deposition shows that this landform was persisted for a long time to 16~10 Ma. The depositional environment in this Basin was changed to incision at around 16~10 Ma ago reveals an significant tectonic movement and/or climate shift occurred during this time; the widely developed river terraces which are 400 meters in height difference, and 10 times increased in incision rate in this basin together reveal the important tectonic uplifts and climate shifts occurred ~2.0 Ma ago. This case study of Xining Basin may indicate growth of northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has responded to collision between Eurasia and Indian plates since the early Cenozoic era, ~50 Ma ago.

New advance on study of animal behavior(X): habitat selection

SHANG Yu-chang

2014, 36(3): 182-185.

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I briefly introduce the importance of habitat to animals and animals’ habitat selection behavior, the reason of animal dispersal and migration, the origin and evolution history of animals’ migration. An animal’s preferred habitat to be the one where its breeding success is the greatest. Steve Fretwell used game theory to develop ideal free distribution theory. This theory enables behaviorist to predict what animals should do when they choose between alternative habitats of different quality. The ideal free distribution lead to the fitness of animals in choose superior habitat or in lower-ranked habitat is consistent. Dispersal by juvenile animals reduces the chance of inbreeding, which often affects fitness negatively. When two closely related individuals mate, the offspring they produce are more likely to carry damaging recessive alleles in a double dose than the offspring produced by unrelated individuals. Migration typically involves movement away from and subsequent return to the same location on an annual basis migration apparently also occurred in some extinct dinosaurs and is seen today in many
mammals, fishes, sea turtles, and even some insects. Short-range migration preceded long-distance migration. Thus, long-distance migrants are probably descended from species that moves far less on an annual basis. Migratory species evolved from tropical non-migratory ancestors.

New big science in this century: connectomics

Lü Bao-zhong

2014, 36(3): 186-191.

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A lot of ’omes have appeared since post-genome era, in which connectome is, of course, the most attractive. The id-egosuperego theory of Freud was welcomed after 1930s. The advances in neuroscience particularly neural Darwinism including the impact of human language are a framework for further study on brain. Connectomics for assembling and analyzing connectome data sets should be a new big science in this century.

Progress of long noncoding RNA in cancer

LI Yan-Li;ZHANG Shi-Meng;HONG Ju;JIN Yao-Xin

2014, 36(3): 192-201.

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Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is defined as transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides (nt) with little or no protein-coding capacity. It was found that lncRNA was originated in complicated sources, and played different functions in multiple levels such as epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation levels. Here we briefly summarize the origin and biological function of lncRNA, and emphatically focus on the progress in cancer biology.

Protection and development countermeasures of collapse-slide geoheritage landscape: a case study of Wang Jia Mountain slide at Donghekou of Qingchuan county

ZHAO Xu;PENG Pei-hao;YAN Liang③

2014, 36(3): 202-207.

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Engineering protection, ecological restoration, conservation and development of geological heritage landscape resources for landslide geological disaster which triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake are one of the important research topics for reconstruction in quick-hit area. Taken Wang Jia mountain debris flows long-runout landslides caused by earthquake in Donghekou of Qingchuan County as an example, based on its particular formation mechanism, kinematical characteristics and dynamics mechanics, etc., combined with ecological remediation theory and geological engineering of prevention and control, this paper use means of natural landscape reconstruction, ecological remediation, landscape creation, regional planning, project management to perfect recovery capability of ecosystem and protection function in this region, and put forward treatment measures and protection strategies of Wenchuan collapse-slide geoheritage landscape resources in ecological weak region to realize effective prevention and treatment of landslide hazard at Donghekou of Qingchuan County as well as properly protection and moderate exploitation of Wenchuan Earthquake geological heritage landscape resources and satisfy the requirements of life and production and economic development in earthquake stricken area.

Enzymes and life sciences (I): understanding the nature of enzyme

GUO Xiao-qiang

2014, 36(3): 208-217.

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Enzymes are biological catalysts and involved in almost all life processes by catalyzing chemical reactions. So the studies
on enzyme do not only deepen the understanding of life phenomenon, but also provide new treatments for related diseases. It is the
discovery of cell-free fermentation in 1897 that initiates modern enzymology. From then, several achievements were made including
separation and synthesis of coenzyme, identification on protein nature of enzyme, discovery of catalytic RNA in the following several
decades. In addition, the elucidation of primary structure of ribonuclease is important for connection between the amino acid sequence
and the biologically active conformation, and connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity. These achievements greatly
expand the understanding the nature of enzyme, and scientists who contributed to these were awarded the Nobel Prize.

The most mysterious object in our universe—Quasar (I): the discovery of Quasar

HE Xiang-tao

2014, 36(3): 218-224.

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Quasar was discovered in 1963 by M. Schmidt, which is passed more than half century. There are still some difficulties to understand the real quasar. Quasar may be the most mysterious object in our universe. Concerning to get the Nobel prize, the discovery of quasar is still looking forward.

Science as a weapon for safeguarding the Earth

GUAN Yi

2014, 36(3): 225-234.

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