Abstract:       The binding media is the important part of pigment layer in paintings (e.g. ancient murals, painting pottery and ancient building painting, etc.). Egg white, skin glue, bone glue and peach gum, etc. Natural biomaterials are commonly used by the ancients as binding media or adhesives in painting pigments. The detection of the binding media is crucial for studies of cultural relics history and the reinforcement and conservation of endangered cultural relics. Nevertheless, the binding media easily loss and aging resulting from the nature of itself, adding to the limitations of analytical techniques, the research work of cultural relics has been greatly affected. Based on the modern molecular biology, immunological technique has got fast development, taking advantage of the highly specificity of antigens and antibodies, which would allow different biological source of target molecular to be determined sensitively. At present, the researches of identification of components in cultural relics by immunological technique has got many successful cases, especially represented by ELISA and IFM, had significant advantages in the identification of biological source of binding media. The related research progress and our laboratory research work of the immunoassays for identification of binding media in ancient polychrome cultural relics were reviewed in detail; meanwhile also proposed, existing immunological technique and high sensitivity imaging trace chemiluminescence immunoassay have the potential of imaging or spatially resolved in the identification of
micro-components.