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20 April 2007, Volume 29 Issue 2
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Articles
Progress in Electrostatic and Related Research
LIU Shang-he
2007, 29(2): 63-68.
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The observation and research on electrostatic phenomena by the ancients, and the formation of electrostatics theory are summarized. The development trends from traditional static electricity to current electrostatic problems are explained. Electrostatic protection engineering related to static electricity on human body, electrostatic discharge and electromagnetic radiation is discussed. Researches on the mechanism of electrostatic electrification, electrostatic discharge models, electrostatic hazards and protection, electrostatic measurement techniques are presented.
The First Law of Geography and SpatialTemporal Proximity
LI Xiao-wen
2007, 29(2): 69-71.
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Geographic First Law (also called Tobler First Law, TFL) was primarily introduced by Waldo Tobler, an American geographer, and then spread and applied as one of the fundamentals of quantitative spatial analysis. However, the concepts of geographic distance and spatialadjacency have been only vaguely defined to adapt practical applications. It was suggested to add timedimension, so that the concepts would be clearer. Therefore, the concept of “flow” is applied to understand and express distance and adjacency, resulting in a concept of spatialtemporal proximity, in order to advance wider applications of TFL.
Mechanisms and Impacts of Harmful Algal Blooms and the Countmeasures
Zhou Ming-jiang;YU Ren-cheng
2007, 29(2): 72-76.
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Apparent global increase of harmful algal blooms (HABs) has been observed recently. Coastal eutrophication, longterm change of hydrological and meteorological parameters, as well as the adaptive and competitive strategies of HAB causative species, can affect the occurrence of HABs. Through producing toxins or high biomass, the HAB causative species pose potent threats on the health of humanbeings, mariculture industry and natural ecosystems. It's necessary to develop HAB prevention and control measures to mitigate the impacts of HABs. In China, an increasing trend of both scale and impacts of HABs has been found over the last two decades. More and more toxic algal blooms are recorded. The succession pattern of major HAB causative species, and the potential impacts, should be given more attention.
Modeling Studies of Acid Rain in China: Progress and Challenge
WANG Zi-fa;GAO Chao;XIE Fu-ying
2007, 29(2): 78-82.
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Acid rain research evolution in China is described in this paper, which is in order to provide insights into related potential precursors. Chemical characteristics, temporary and spatial distribution research achievements are provided with a succinct presentation of current acid rain modeling studies in China. This work would bring out perspectives on acid rain variations tendency over China as well as the new challenges of modeling research.
Fish Protective：Measures of the Third Roller Compaction Concrete Cofferdam Blasting Removing in the Three Gorge Project
SUN Zhi-yu;DONG Fang-yong
2007, 29(2): 83-86.
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The water area before the dam is the place of densely fish. During the third roller compaction concrete cofferdam of the Three Gorge Project (the 3rd RCC) removing, the blasting shock wave would hurt the fish nearly. A series of researches and tests were put into effect to ensure the security of the fish. Radiocoustic position finding and highvoltage pulse action driving away as a designate plan was put into effect. The plan was carried out smoothly in June 6, 2006. The monitor data show that no fish were hurt. The facts show that it was a success fish protective measure.
Effects of the Vertical Accelerating and Decelerating Motion on Humans Physiology
YING Le-an;WANG Cheng-tao
2007, 29(2): 87-90.
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Vertical accelerating or decelerating motion may result in some physiological effects to humans. In this paper, the reactions to vestibulum of ear resulted from vertical accelerating or decelerating motion were analyzed. Then, the motions and the concept of “Hypergravity” and “Hypogravity” were described by taking the ascending and descending period of elevators as an example and using physics knowledge. At last, the physiological effects to cardiovascular system under the circumstances of “Hypergravity” and “Hypogravity ” were also analyzed.
The Impact of Building Infrastructure on Ecosystem Services of Changbai Mount
TANG Jie;LIU Ya-xiu;ZHUANG Yu-xia;SUN Hong-yan;XU Meng
2007, 29(2): 91-95.
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Building infrastructure have impacted on ecosystem services of Changbai Mount. The lost value was calculated by hypothesis method in the thesis. If the forest used infrastructure was hypothesized not be occupied, the sorts of value of forest ecosystem services is the lost value.The result is that the lost value of forest ecosystem services by building infrastrucrure is 1 532.18 ×104 yuan per annual. It is 0.21% of the total value of Changbai Mount.The more pressure on forest ecosystem by human being, the more cost by them afforded. Therefore, forest ecosystem must be protected in the process of empoldering the forest resources to achieve sustainable developement.
Magnetic Fields of Our Milky Way Galaxy
HAN Jin-lin
2007, 29(2): 96-101.
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The Milky Way is our home galaxy in the universe. However, human beings do not know much of our home galaxy about its structure and physical properties. The author and his cooperators have spent a decade to reveal the largescale of magnetic fields of our Milky Way galaxy. They achieved a significant progress. Originally only knowledge of magnetic fields in the local galactic area of a few thousand lightyears was there. Now, a global magnetic field structure of our Milky Way, a scale of tens of thousand lightyears, is known. Here they report their efforts and results.
Does
3
He in the Interior of the Earth is of “Primordial Origin”?
JIANG Song-sheng
2007, 29(2): 102-106.
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The origin of
3
He has been assumed to be of primordial origin, trapped within the Earth at the time that the Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago. However, the obstacles for hypothesis of primordial origin of
3
He have been met in explanation of 3He paradoxes in the Earth, for example, ①extremely high
3
He/
4
He ratios in the diamonds and ②narrow distribution of
3
He/
4
He in midocean ridge basalts (MORB) and the hydrothermal vent fluids at midocean ridge (MOR). Author have made a new investigation on the vertical profiles of tritium concentration in the crater lakes and found that both
3
He and
3
H released from Earthmantle were injected at the bottoms of Lakes Nemrut (Turkey) and Laacher (Germany). Both
3
H and
3
He are the products of nuclear fusion (d-d reaction). Tritium has a halflife of 12.4 years. The primordial tritium formed in the Earth 4.6 billion years ago already decayed to a negligible level in the Earth history. 3H concentration from any known nuclear reactions has been estimated to be less than 0.01 TU (1 TU means
3
H/H=10
-18
)，below detection limit. Author conclude that the d-d reaction might be induced near (in) the Earth core where are of hydrogenbearing minerals and rich U and Th at high temperature and high pressure.
Concerning the Globe and Looking for Life in Outer Space
YU Wen
2007, 29(2): 107-110.
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Assessment for US Engineering Programs
KUO Way
2007, 29(2): 111-114.
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Save the Last Survivals of the Baiji
WANG Ding
2007, 29(2): 115-118.
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Zhang Xiang-tong：The World Famous Neurophysiologist
ZHANG Wei
2007, 29(2): 119-123.
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