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25 February 2007, Volume 29 Issue 1
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Articles
Looking for Missing Carbon Sinks from Terrestrial Ecosystems
FANG Jingyun;GUO Zhaodi
2007, 29(1): 1-1.
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Global carbon cycle refers to accumulations and fluxes of carbon element in all spheres of earth surface system. Current global carbon cycle is apparently in imbalance, namely, it is unknown where part of carbon amount released from burning fossil fuels and destroying tropical forests is going. This is called as missing carbon sink. The studies have indicated that the terrestrial ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere have accumulated the missing carbon. The origin of the missing carbon sin was reviewed as well as the major characters of terrestrial sinks and their affecting factors, and carbon sinks of China’s terrestrial ecosystems
Issues on Land Degradation and Ecoreconstruction in Northwest Arid Region of China
ZHENG Du
2007, 29(1): 7-7.
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The physico geographical features, issues of land degradation, eco reconstruction, utilization of water and land resources, as well as regional development in Northwest Arid Region of China are dealt with in the present paper. Main types of land degradation include sandy desertification, secondary salinization and grassland degradation. As concern eco reconstruction human being should respect for nature, for example, tree planting and afforestation in a large scale are not suitable, to conducting measures such as eco restoration and natural conservation are useful for environmental management. From the point of view of regional development, more attention should be paid to rational utilization and exploitation of water and land resources, as well as coordination and overall planning in development between various regions.
Passion for Precision
Theodor W.Hnsch
2007, 29(1): 12-12.
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Optical frequency combs from mode locked femtosecond lasers have revolutionized the art of counting the frequency of light. They can link optical and microwave frequencies in a single step, and they provide the long missing clockwork for optical atomic clocks. By extending the limits of time and frequency metrology, they enable new tests of fundamental physics laws. Precise comparisons of optical resonance frequencies of atomic hydrogen and other atoms with the microwave frequency of a cesium atomic clock are establishing sensitive limits for possible slow variations of fundamental constants. Optical high harmonic generation is extending frequency comb techniques into the extreme ultraviolet, opening a new spectral territory to precision laser spectroscopy. Frequency comb techniques are also providing a key to attosecond science by offering control of the electric field of ultrafast laser pulses.
Development of Energy Plant: Progress and Suggestions
LI Jun;WU Pingzhi;LI Meiru;WU Guojiang
2007, 29(1): 21-21.
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The energy crisis is an enormous challenge to human race.Consequently, the technology development and utilization of biomass energy has become a new “hot spot” in the international arena. An overview on the current status of the research on energy plants and several suggestions on how to reasonably develop them in China were presented in this paper.
Progress in the Theories and Technologies about Biodiesel Industry
QIU Minghua
2007, 29(1): 26-26.
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Biodiesel is a good replacement diesel that is manufactured from vegetable oils, recycled cooking oils, and so on. FAME(fatty acid methyl ester) biodiesel from vegetable oils is a perfect substitute fuel, because the raw material can be produced from sunlight and renewable. In the paper, the progress in manufacturing and development of FAME biodiesel were discussed, including biosynthsis, storage and metabolism of vegetable oils, acid catalyzed, base catalyzed and supercritical catalytic manufacturing procedure, and standardization of biodiesel quality control. Meanwhile, the possibility and profound significance of growing biodiesel industry in China were enucleated.
Liquid Biofuel——Fuel Ethanol
JIANG Ning
2007, 29(1): 30-30.
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Fuel ethanol as a novel energy source is regenerable and environmental friendly.Ethanol can be produced from saccharide by microbial fermentation. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis are presently the most important ethanol producers in industry. All kinds of biomass including straw contained carbohydrate could be used as raw material for ethanol fermentation. Before the processes of ethanol fermentation, polysaccharides should be firstly hydrolyzed to fermentable sugar by enzymes. Moreover, bioethanol as the substitute of petroleum could be further applied in many other fields.
Molecular Surgery——A New Field of Nanobiology
LI Minqian
2007, 29(1): 34-34.
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An interdisciplinary science——nanobiology has been concisely introduced in the review paper. The paper especially presents a new field:molecular surgery, which might be the surgery of the 21st century. Further development and potential applications of the molecular surgery have also been prospected.
Summarization of the Third Roller Compaction Concrete Cofferdam Removing in the Three Gorge Project
SUN Zhiyu
2007, 29(1): 41-41.
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The third roller compaction concrete cofferdam of the Three Gorge Project (the 3rd RCC) burdened the initial stage 3 years navigation and power generation after it was builded.In order to keep the pace of construction, the 3rd RCC had to be removed before flood season in 2006. A series of researches and tests were put into effect to ensure the security of the dam. The last designate plan (the topple ove plan of blasting construction) was carried out smoothly in June 6, 2006. The monitor data shew that the plan met the design idea very well. It was a grand blasting of unprecedented size: The charge is 192t, the section of blasting is 959. Its success promoted our control blasting greatly.
The Origin and Early Evolution of Modern Avian Groups
ZHANG Yuguang
2007, 29(1): 45-45.
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The study of the origin and early evolution of modern birds has never produced as much excitement and public attention as in the over 100 years old. Paleontological studies showed that modern avian groups probably first appeared in the Paleocene and experienced an explosive radiation in the early Cenozoic. Modern birds are the only group of Mesozoic birds to have survived after the K/T extinction event, and recent ornithurine discoveries lend further support to the Cenozoic origin of the modern avian groups. The fossil birds of the early Cenozoic (Paleogene—Neogene) are clearly attributable to the modern birds, and the earliest well estabished record of most traditional orders and families of modern birds occur then. Thus, studies on Mesozoic—Cenozoic avian not only help us to understand the early evolutionary radiation and the history of diversification of birds, but also illuminate the origin and early evolution of modern avian groups.
Science Makes the Dream Wonderful
YU Wen
2007, 29(1): 49-49.
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Explore the Canyon of the Dadu River
LI Mingsen;YANG Yichou
2007, 29(1): 53-53.
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Briefing on Elements of Computational Statistics and Reviewing
Xu Liquan;Wanng Zikun
2007, 29(1): 56-56.
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G.W.Leibniz——A Great Wise Person
CAI Tianxin
2007, 29(1): 59-59.
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