Chinese Journal of Nature

LIAO Mo-Qing, GU Ju-Lin

2011, 33(1): 1-5. doi:10.3969/j.issn0253-9608.2011.

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Medical mycology is an important science about the researches how pathogenic fungi and opportunistic pathogens affect mechanism of human disease, clinical diagnosis, therapy and prevention. Now it is known that more than three hundreds species of fungi can cause human diseases, which exhibit great variation of manifestation of diseases. Number of people with fungal diseases, especially deep mycoses, increased greatly. Fungal diseases become one of important diseases that affect human life quality and threat life health. Recent years, along with completion of gene sequencing of important disease fungus, researches on toxicity agents were deepened and broadened. Lots of genes that encode toxicity agents were cloned successfully, and researches on the functions of these genes and mechanism of regulation were worked. Advances in diagnosis of fungal infections were made in the past years, and some new methods are used in the diagnosis of early stage of infection. However, it exhibits some unsatisfactory results that were related with drugs sensitivities and specificities. It is emphasized that the traditional direct microscopic examination, culture and histopathology are still the standard methods in regular laboratory. Reports on fungus resistance increased in recent years. The current researches focus on relationship between mechanism of drug resistance, mode of transmission, drug resistance and clinical therapy, and then establish standard fungus susceptibility test to control further progress of drug resistance. On the other hand, the researchers should take faster steps to develop the new anti-fungal agents to cope with the increased drug resistance. For the characteristics including less side effect, wider resources, lower prices, and less drug resistance, the Chinese traditional medicine has a good prosperity in the future.

Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Magnesium-Based Hydrogen Storage Material

ZHOU Guo-zhi, LI Qian

2011, 33(1): 6-12.

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The hydriding/de-hydriding process of metals and alloys is a basic physicochemical reaction which should meet the law of thermodynamics and kinetics. In order to improve the performance of hydrogen storage materials and develop some new kinds of hydrogen storage materials, it is necessary to study thermodynamics and kinetics for this reaction experimentally and theoretically. The thermodynamic knowledge can be used to predict the reaction temperature of hydriding/dehydriding process and estimate the capability of hydrogen storage. Nevertheless, thermodynamics can not tell us the reaction rate that will prevent us from the practical application of hydrogen storage materials. In this paper, a thermodynamic phase diagram analysis was introduced and a new model system for kinetics of hydriding/dehydriding was summarized, based on which, one might find a useful tool for evaluating and designing new hydrogen storage materials.

Development and Challenge for On-Board Hydrogen Storage

SUN Da-lin

2011, 33(1): 13-18.

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A safe, efficient and low-cost hydrogen storage system is highly demanded for on-board application. The target performance set by the US DOE for hydrogen storage system is not based on any specific medium or technology, but on equivalency to the current gasoline storage system in terms of weight, volume, cost and other operating parameters. Through a decade’s efforts, successful examples have been demonstrated in several prototype fuel cell vehicles in which the hydrogen is supplied by a high-pressure hydrogen tank, a liquid hydrogen tank or a tank filled with solid-based hydrogen storage materials. Unfortunately, none of them meets all of the US DOE targets due to some unresolved problems. Gaseous storage suffers from low volumetric density and safety concern, while liquefaction storage is not yet practical because of the boil-off of hydrogen and cost issues. High-performance hydrogen storage materials for a solid-based storage system are needed to be developed. The new progress made in worldwide on the onboard hydrogen storage is reviewed herein.

Progress in High-Capacity Hydrogen Storage Materials

LIU Yong-feng , Li Chao, GAO Ming-xia, PAN Hong-ge

2011, 33(1): 19-26.

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Safe, efficient and economical hydrogen storage is the key technique for the large-scale application of hydrogen energy. With respect to high-pressure and liquefaction hydrogen storage, solid-state hydrogen storage, which can store hydrogen in materials by forming solid solution and/or hydrides, is regarded as the most promising technique because of its good safety and high energy density. To achieve the hydrogen storage capacity of above 5.0 wt% for on-board applications, the high-capacity hydrogen storage materials including metal aluminum hydrides, borohydrides, metal-N-H systems and amidoboranes were studied and developed. This brief review deals with the recent developments of high-capacity hydrogen storage materials. The emphases are focused on the hydrogen storage capacity, thermodynamics, kinetics, mechanisms and the effects of composition modification, catalyst doping and particle size on the hydrogen storage properties.

Design of New High Capacity Hydrogen Storage Materials

WU Guo-tao, CHEN Wei-dong, XIONG Zhi-tao

2011, 33(1): 27-34.

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Impact Metamorphic Effects and Stages of Shock Metamorphism: A Special Reference to Identification of Xiuyan Impact Crater

YOU Zhen-dong

2011, 33(1): 35-41.

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Recently, a scientific drilling of 307 meters deep was penetrated through the previously suspected impact crater located near Luoquanli village of Xiuyan county in Liaoning province. A series of impact metamorphic effects caused by shock wave were found, namely, the melt-bearing polymictic breccia, the planar deformation features (PDFs) in quartz grains and impact glasses. From these evidences the Xiuyan impact crater was confirmed. This is a great advance in the study of impact metamorphism in China. For the identification of an impact crater besides the crater-like topography and geomorphology, the discovery of impact metamorphic effects is more authoritative, i.e., shatter cones, high pressure polymorphs of minerals, the planar deformation features in quartz, feldspar and other minerals, the shock-caused isotropization and the forming of diaplectic glass. The transient high pressure caused by the shock-wave is significantly different from those happened in normal geological processes. It is characterized by extremely high strain rate, rapid and high temperature quenching and high pressure post-shock temperature which caused various impact metamorphic effects defining different stages of shock metamorphism. These stages are approximate geobarometers and can be used to estimate the intensity of impact metamorphism.

Application and Development of SiC Materials and Devices

WANG Shou-guo, ZHANG Yan

2011, 33(1): 42-45.

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SiC material is the third generation semiconductor material, which is limited for export by other country for its being used in military field. In this paper, the basic characteristics of SiC materials are introduced firstly. The grow methods of SiC chips and the manufacture corporations are summarized. The emphasis is on the development of SiC chips in China. The application areas of SiC devices and the prospect of the market are given lastly. The industrial chain of the fabrication, application of the SiC material and devices should be constructed in China.

Talk on Rayleigh-Bénard Convection

WANG Zhen-dong

2011, 33(1): 46-47.

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Analysis of Constitutive Beauty of Ornamental Insects

ZHOU Xiang, SHI Juan

2011, 33(1): 48-53.

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Based on plane and color composition methods, the authors mainly analyzed the “constitutive beauty” of numerous ornamental insects and illustrated their aesthetics value. The objective is to bring an inspiration to landscape architects from the view of “biological beauty”, and give an introduction on bionics field to the admirer.

Sciences Broaden Human Horizons

XIA Ru-han

2011, 33(1): 54-57.

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Exploring as Long as One Lives

FANG Hong-hui

2011, 33(1): 58-62.

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