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Table of Content

    20 April 2011, Volume 33 Issue 2
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    Invited Special Paper
    Tohoku Off-Pacific-Coast Megaquake：Another Lesson from Nature to Mankind
    HE Chang-Rong, ZHOU Yong-Sheng, MA Jin
    2011, 33(2):  63-69. 
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    The authors summarized researches on the Tohoku off-pacific-coast M9 earthquake and its effect on ground deformation and tsunami. Review was also given on the seismotectonic setting under the framework of plate tectonics, geographic environment, historical activities of M8-class earthquakes in Tohoku off-pacific-coast, Kanto area and Tokai area, with the up-to-date progress in prediction on future earthquake activity of M8 class in Tokai area. The authors also reviewed the status and problems to be solved in mid-to-long-term prediction on earthquake occurrence and suggested important research topics in earthquake science. Lastly, suggestions are also given for avoiding mistakes in engineering design and the related risk assessment.
    Major Catastrophes on the Scales of Celestial Objects:Violent Activities of Galaxies
    ZHAO Jun-Liang
    2011, 33(2):  70-73. 
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    More and more external galaxies with different morphological types have been found since Hubble’s initiative work in 1923. Among lots of galaxies, abnormal or peculiar ones are extremely attractive, where cosmic catastrophic events on the scales much larger than stellar objects, such as galactic collision or merging, happened or are happening, which can dramatically change structure, morphology, the kinematics and dynamical evolution of galaxies and the formation and evolution of stars in galaxies.
    Review Article
    Low Carbon Technique and Its Application
    LIN Zong-Hu
    2011, 33(2):  74-80. 
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    Low carbon technique is a general name for different techniques that may reduce carbon dioxide gas discharged in the process of production and livelihood of human being. During the recent one hundred years, with the fast development of economy and increase of people, the use of fossil energy rises rapidly. As a result, on one hand, the fassil energy faces exhaustion; on the other hand, the green house gases, mainly CO2, increase fastly. This may lead to environmental deterioration, global warming, and natural disasters. Therefore, for the sake of environment protection, energy supplement, and the global warming state diminution, the low carbon technique must be applied, the use of fossil fuel must decrease, new energy must be developed, energy saving and CO2 gas discharge decrease must be practiced. In this paper reasons for applying low carbon technique, its classification and its applications in main departments of China are presented.
    Low Carbon Economy and Sustainable Development
    XU Ya-Tong, LIU Wei, ZHANG Qiu-Zhuo
    2011, 33(2):  81-85. 
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    Low carbon economy and sustainable development offered a good chance to the protection of environment, the modulation of economy and industrial patten, and the realization of economy growth. The development of economy from Industrial Revolution was reviewed, the problems of high-carbon economy pattern were introspected, thus low carbon economy and sustainable development seem to be the only way which can solve the problem of environmental pollution and ecology diversity reduction. The intension of low carbon and pathways to realize low carbon were discussed, and its practise in Shanghai EXPO was investigated.
    Review and Prospect  of Geothermal Power Generation in China
    LIAO Zhi-Jie
    2011, 33(2):  86-92. 
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    The judge of technical level of geothermal industry for a country is based on the installed capacity of geothermal power generation. The geothermal power production in China was first operated in 1970s. The installed capacity of the geothermal power station fluctuated around 25 MWe, which is ranked 18th in 24 countries of geothermal electrical production over the world.  The origin at home and abroad of a standstill of geothermal power generation was analysed, and then the potential of geothermal resources and regions of high temperature geothermal resources were discussed, which can be used the establishment of geothermal power station. The author also revealed the good prospect of geothermal power generation in China.
    Progress
    Recent Progress in Organic Spin Valves
    JIANG Tao, LI Xiao-Guang
    2011, 33(2):  93-100. 
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    The discovery of giant magnetoresistance effect opens a new research field—spintronics, which involves physics, materials, chemistry and electronic engineering. It will definitely be one of the leading roles in the fundamental research in 21st century. Organic spin valves, as one of important branches of spintronics, have great predominance over inorganic spin valves. In the paper, the recent advances in organic spin valves have been analyzed, and the facing problems as well as prospects have also been discussed briefly.
    New Special Field of Crystal Chemistry: High-Pressure Phase Transition Crystal Chemistry 
    SHI Ni-Cheng, LI Guo-Wu, MA Zhe-Sheng, XIONG Ming
    2011, 33(2):  101-105. 
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    The method which use X ray diffraction to measure the size of atom and ion and determine crystal structure is most important step for mankind get into microscopic view world. At usual temperature and pressure, the connection pattern and the arrangement rule of various atom and ion have already elaborated in the crystal chemistry in detail. In this paper, the study on the crystal chemistry characteristics of ionic compounds and minerals was emphasized under high pressure. Under high pressure when the pressure increases, the cations of silicon in oxide or silicate minerals occurred migration from low coordination number polyhedra to high coordination number polyhedra. This migration is due to the change with radius ratio of cations to anions. Under high pressure the ionic radii of oxygen and silicon have been calculated for different SiO2 polymorphs. It is indicated that the ionic radius of oxygen is decreasing gradually with the increase of pressure, but the cation radius of silicon is increasing with the increase of pressure and the occurrence of phase transitions. This kind of phenomenon may be due to the transition from ionic compounds to metallic phases under high pressure.
    Review Article
    Application of Ecological Restoration Strategy for Controlling Debris Flow Hazards in Tianchi Lake in Xinjiang
    YAN Liang, LI Yong, HE Jie, ZHAO Xu, CHEN Ning-Sheng, YANG Wei, SHI Lei-Lei
    2011, 33(2):  106-111. 
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    Because of lacking consciousness to protect ecological environment, a lot of geological disasters such as mud-rock flow, landslides, and collapses, are extraordinarily active in many scenic spots, which have influences on landscape resources in our country. For this reason, tourism cannot have a sustainable development, and the balance of eco-system is broken in scenic spots and surrounding areas. Based on the researches of debris activity characteristics and its development patterns in upstream watershed of Sangonghe at Xinjiang, we use the concept of ecological restoration and combine debris control model with eco-landscape plan to improve the recovery ability and protection function of eco-system in Tianchi Lake Nature Reserve. The aim is to control the debris flow hazards, and protect landscape resources and tourism functions in watershed of Sangonghe effectively.
    History of Natural Science
    Study on Fossil Feather
    WANG Min, ZHOU Zhong-He
    2011, 33(2):  112-116. 
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    The issues about the origin and evolution of the birds have been the hot biological topics since the first discovery of the Archaeopteryx. The question of the origin of birds includes many biological aspects, such as the morphology, flight and feathers. The exceptionally and exquisitely preserved feathered dinosaurs and Mesozoic birds fossils in the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota and Jurassic deposits in Northeast China provided highly important evidences on the dinosaurian origin of birds, and increased our knowledge about the evolution of feathers. The researches on the feathers of feathered dinosaurs were mainly reviewed, and the origin and evolution of feathers, combining evidences from developmental biology.
    Science Review
    Follow the Natural Rules, Benefit Mankind by Scientific Achievements
    XIA Ru-han
    2011, 33(2):  117-120. 
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    Portrait
    Discoverer of Reversible Phosphorylation: Edwin Gerhard Krebs
    GUO Xiao-Qiang
    2011, 33(2):  121-124. 
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