Chinese Journal of Nature

Research on Subwavelength Micronano Optics (Ⅰ)

ZHUANG Song-Lin;WANG Qi;ZHU Yi-Ming;GENG Tao;ZHANG Da-Wei

2012, 34(4): 187-195.

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Materials and structures in micro and nano scale present many new characteristics different from the macroscopic scale. Micronano processing technology has been one of the most popular fields in the current scientific research and industrial development. The preparation and special characteristics of negative refractive material and black silicon are introduced. Micronano optical devices play important role in new technology and broad prospects of science and technology innovation.

Formation, Evolution and Characteristics of China Continental Lithosphere

WAN Tian-Feng

2012, 34(4): 196-200.

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The China continental lithosphere is composed of over 37 small blocks, the formation periods of which are different. Those blocks migrated from Proterozoic to Cenozoic, and dispersed mainly during Paleozoic in Tethys Ocean. They converged gradually during Mesozoic and Cenozoic, and at last formed recent China continental lithosphere. By being influenced on migration of surrounding plates, the normal continental lithosphere formed in middle and northwestern China, the thinner lithosphere with the type of continental crust and oceanic lithosphere mantle occurred since Jurassic, and there is the lithosphere with thicker crust type at southwest China, i.e., Tibet and Qinhai areas. There are many detachments in China continental lithosphere. Besides detachment of lithosphere bottom, the detachments are occurred at Moho discontinuity and middle crust, thus the inner structure of lithosphere is more complex, which caused the stronger deformation, magmatism and many metallic ores. Due to the particularity of China continental lithosphere, the characteristics research of lithosphere evolution is provided with the very important value for theory and practical, and also can develop the plate tectonic theory.

Deep Carbon Cycling: Enlightenment from Carbonatites

LIU Yan

2012, 34(4): 201-207.

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The knowledge of global carbon cycle is critical to understanding of today’s atmospheric CO2 contents and varying of atmospheric CO2 contents in the future. Conventional researches of global carbon cycle focus mainly on the carbon cycling among atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere at Earth’s surface. Carbon reservoirs and carbon geochemical cycling within Earth’s interior had hardly studied in the past. At present these conventional research methods have hardly illustrated the evolution of CO2 contents of atmosphere. Deep carbon research, aiming at the carbon twoway exchanging between Earth’s interior and surface, became a current research hotspot. Carbonatites are mainly made up of carbonate minerals and are the rocks of highest content of carbon within Earth’s interior. Therefore, carbonatites are the target of deep carbon cycling research. Current studies are further revealed that carbon from most carbonatites worldwide is from atmospheric CO2, and thus, is recycling carbon. New formation of carbonatebearing sedimentary rocks at surface, at the expense of huge atmospheric CO2, were transferred into Earth’s interior through subduciton zones, which were experienced (ultra)hightemperature metamorphism under water conditions, and subsequently partial melting to form carbonate magmas within Earth’s interior. The new carbonate magmas moved upwards into upper crust, or even at surface, to form carbonatites. Carbon could go back to Earth’s surface. Therefore, the carbon cycling between Earth’s surface and interior was controlled by tectonic movements. Moreover, the longterm varying of atmospheric CO2 contents is mainly driven by global tectonic activities.

Thinking, Steps and Practice of Research on Orefield Structure in Geomechanics

CHEN Zheng-Le;CHEN Bai-Lin

2012, 34(4): 208-215.

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The basic contents, thinking, steps and methods of the research on orefield structure in geomechanics, are mainly introduced in this paper, and the controlling laws of tectonic system on oreformation and distribution are roughly summarized too, in order to provide a theory guide to the prospecting of buried ore bodies. The research process of the orefield structure is simply outlined, taking the Xiangshan uranium orefield in Jiangxi province as an example.[JP]

Controlaction of Tectonic, Landforms and Climate on the Geological Hazards in Wenchuan Earth quake Coseismic and After Earthquake：Take Tongkou River Watershed, the Northern Longmen Mountain for Example

LI Fen-Sheng;LI Yong;YAN Zhao-Kun;YAN Liang;ZHAO Guo-Hua;MA Chao;DENSMORE Alexander L

2012, 34(4): 216-218.

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Through the field research and remote sensing image analysis of the geological hazards， such as the coseismic collapse ahd the landslide of Tongkou River watershed which was triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake， the spacial geohazard distribution in Tongkou River watershed was acquired. Further， analysis is made on the tectonic， landforms and climate factors of Tongkou River watershed， and the following conclusions can be drawn： (1) tectonic factor (Wenchuan Earthquake) is the root cause of the coseismic geological hazards in Tongkou River watershed； (2) the ;andforms factor is one of important environment conditions to the occurring of coseismic and aftequake geological hazards； (3) climate factor(mainly Rainfall) is the direct triggering factor which leaded to the occurring of geological hazards in Tongkou river watershed.
〖WTH1〗Key words〓〖WTB1〗Wenchuan earthquake, geological hazard, Longmen Mountain, Tongkou River, control factor

Study of Ethylene Signal Transduction Pathway

ZHANG Cun-Li;GUO Hong-Wei

2012, 34(4): 219-228.

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As one of the five classical phytohormones, ethylene has been focused on by scientists since it was found. Although it has very simple structure, the gaseous phytohormone ethylene has important effects on the developmental processes and stress responses of plant. Through nearly two decades of research, scientists established a largely linear ethylene signal transduction pathway. In the model plant Arabidopsis, there are five ethylene receptors ETR1, ETR2, ERS1, ERS2 and EIN4 encoded by a multigene family in the upstream of this signaling pathway. A Raflike protein kinase CTR1 combines with ethylene receptors and colocalizes in the ER membrane together with these receptors. In the absence of ethylene, receptors and CTR1 can inhibit the downstream ethylene signaling together. A positive regulator EIN2 is the downstream of these two negative regulators. If EIN2 gene is mutated, the etiolated seedlings of plant will show completely ethylene insensitive phenotype even when high concentration of ethylene exists, which demonstrates that EIN2 plays a key role in ethylene signaling pathway. EIN3 and EILs are transcription factors downstream of EIN2. They will start the transcription of ethylene related genes in response to ethylene signal. It was also found that these transcription factors were regulated by ubiquitin/proteasome degradation pathway. The Fbox proteins, which are responsible for recognition and combination of EIN3 protein, are EBF1 and EBF2. EIN5 is a 5’→3’ exonuclease and antagonizes the negative feedback regulation on EIN3 by promoting EBF1 and EBF2 mRNA decay. Recently, studies have shown that EIN2 is also a short halflife protein and will be degraded by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. Another two Fbox proteins ETP1 and ETP2 are responsible for the regulation of EIN2 protein. Although great progress was made in ethylene signal transduction pathway, further research on the finetuning of ethylene signal transduction and the crosstalk between ethylene and other phytohormones still need to be detected.

Light and Shadow in Architectural Design

ZHANG Can-Hui;HU Ye-Min

2012, 34(4): 229-230.

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Light and shadow are an indispensable part in modern architectural design. The relationship between architectural design, special aesthetics and light and shadow was presented. The application of light and shadow in architectural design with some famous successful examples was discussed.

Discovery of Function and Structure of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymerase Ⅲ Holoenzyme

XIANG Yi-He

2012, 34(4): 231-240.

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The process of finding the structure and the function of DNA polymerase Ⅲ holoenzyme are introduced. The key events include that the discovery of DNA polymerase Ⅲ and Ⅲ* , the proposition of DNA polymerase Ⅲ holoenzyme, the separation of holoenzyme subunit, the function of core polymerase, the 3→5 exonuclease activity of ε subunit，the function of β subunit sliding clamp and γ complex.[JP]

Science Developing in Full Swing

GUAN Yi

2012, 34(4): 241-244.

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Heroine in Metal Physics: Y. S. Chow

YIN Xiao-Dong;ZHOU Jin-rui

2012, 34(4): 245-248.

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