自然杂志 ›› 2016, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 189-192.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2016.03.005

• 专题综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

气候变化对华北农业水资源影响的研究进展

莫兴国,夏军,胡实,林忠辉   

  1. ①中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101;②武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉 430072
  • 收稿日期:2016-05-15 出版日期:2016-06-25 发布日期:2016-06-24
  • 通讯作者: E-mail: moxg@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2010CB428400)资助

Influences of climate changes on agricultural water resources in North China Plain

MO Xingguo, XIA Jun, HU Shi, LIN Zhonghui   

  1. ①Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; ②State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
  • Received:2016-05-15 Online:2016-06-25 Published:2016-06-24

摘要:

水资源是制约华北平原农业稳定和可持续发展的主要因素。气候变化对华北平原水资源和农业需水影响显著。1950年以来,华北平原气候总体趋向于暖干化,潜在蒸散呈下降趋势。近30年实际蒸散量呈现弱的上升趋势,与潜在蒸散有互补关系。未来气候变化情景下,区域水分盈余量下降,华北地区干旱化趋势加重。作物生育期耗水量和灌溉需水量增加,其中北部地区水量亏缺更为严重,南部地区水量盈余则减少。调整春季高耗水作物种植面积和空间布局,减少农业用水量,是适应气候变化的必要途径。

Abstract:

Water scarcity affects the stability and sustainable development of agricultural productivity in the North China Plain (NCP). Climate change has noticeable impacts on agricultural water resources. NCP faced a drying trend since 1950. Although the potential evapotranspiration in NCP show a decreased trend, the actual evapotranspiration will have an increasing trend in the near 30 years. Even the precipitation will be increasing significantly in the future; the effect of air warming overtakes the precipitation enhancement, leading to a decreasing trend of rainfall surplus, which will exaggerate the drought severity. The increasing trends in crop evapotranspiration and irrigation demand will change the pattern of water balance, the water deficit in north part of NCP will be exaggerated and the rainfall surplus in the south part of NCP will decrease. Adjusting the proportion and pattern of crops with high water consumption, reducing agricultural water consumption are the efficient ways to improve adaptive capabilities of agricultural system.