自然杂志 ›› 2018, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 411-419.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2018.06.004

• 诺贝尔奖简介 • 上一篇    下一篇

定向进化和噬菌体展示:生物方法开启化学新时代——2018年诺贝尔化学奖简介

郭晓强   

  1. 北京大学 深圳医院,广东 深圳 518036
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-12 出版日期:2018-12-25 发布日期:2018-12-21
  • 通讯作者: 通信作者,研究方向:肾癌发生机制,主要涉及组蛋白修饰为主的表观遗传学、低氧信号通路与mTOR信号通路。

Directed evolution and phage display: biological methods open up a new era of Chemistry——A brief introduction to the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018

GUO Xiaoqiang   

  1. Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2018-11-12 Online:2018-12-25 Published:2018-12-21

摘要:

进化是生命多样性形成的重要动力和基础。1993年,阿诺德首次引入酶定向进化技术,而该技术制备出的酶在生物燃料和药品制备等方面均得到广泛应用。1985年,史密斯首次实现在噬菌体表面表达外源蛋白的噬菌体展示技术;1990年,温特首次将噬菌体展示技术用于抗体制备。噬菌体展示技术制备的阿达木人单抗于2002年批准应用于多种免疫性疾病的治疗。因此,酶定向进化和抗体噬菌体展示已为人类带来巨大利益,并为将来的化学革命奠定了坚实基础。阿诺德、史密斯和温特三位科学家由于这些奠基性贡献而分享2018年诺贝尔化学奖。文章介绍这些技术的发明过程和广泛应用,同时回顾多位科学家的重要贡献。

关键词: 定向进化, 酶, 噬菌体展示, 抗体, 诺贝尔化学奖

Abstract:

Evolution is an important power for the diversity of life. The directed evolution of enzymes was first conducted by Frances Arnold in 1993. Enzymes produced through directed evolution are used to manufacture everything from biofuels to pharmaceuticals. The phage display, which can be used to express protein on the surface of the phage, was first developed by George Smith in 1985. The antibody was first produced with phage display by Gregory Winter in 1990. Adalimumab, the human antibody based on phage display, was approved in 2002 and then widely used in the treatment of various immune diseases. So, the directed evolution of enzymes and the phage display of antibodies have brought the greatest benefit to humankind and laid the foundation for future
chemical revolution. The three scientists, Frances Arnold, George Smith and Gregory Winter, shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018 for their groundbreaking discoveries. Here, the invention and application of the methods and the contributions of scientists are introduced.