自然杂志 ›› 2008, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 319-323.

• 诺贝尔奖简介 • 上一篇    下一篇

物质世界的对称性破缺 ——2008年诺贝尔物理学奖简介

邢志忠, 周 顺   

  1. ①研究员,②博士研究生,中国科学院高能物理研究所,北京100049
  • 收稿日期:2008-12-14 修回日期:2008-12-14 出版日期:2008-12-23 发布日期:2009-02-23

Symmetry Breaking of the Matter World

XING Zhi-zhong,ZHOU Shun

  

  1. ①professor,②ph.D.Candidate,Institute of High Energy Physcis Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2008-12-14 Revised:2008-12-14 Online:2008-12-23 Published:2009-02-23

摘要: 由于对基本粒子物理学中的对称性破缺问题做出了重大理论贡献,美国芝加哥大学恩里科•费米研究所的美籍日本物理学家南部阳一郎(Yoichiro Nambu)、日本筑波高能加速器研究中心的小林诚(Makoto Kobayashi)和日本京都大学汤川理论物理研究所的益川敏英(Toshihide Maskawa)被授予2008年度的诺贝尔物理学奖。本文将简要介绍他们获奖的工作,以及与之相关但尚未解决的宇宙的物质-反物质不对称难题。

关键词: 自发对称性破缺, CP对称性破坏, 宇宙的物质-反物质不对称

Abstract: Because of their great contributions to the dynamics of symmetry breaking in elementary particle physics, the Japan-born American theorist Yoichiro Nambu from the Enrico Fermi Institute (University of Chicago, USA) and the Japanese theorists Makoto Kobayashi from the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK, Japan) and Toshihide Maskawa from the Yukawa Institute of Theoretical Physics (Kyoto University, Japan) have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2008. In this essay, we shall briefly introduce their awarded works and the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe.

Key words: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, CP Violation, Matter-antimatter Asymmetry of the Universe