操纵和测量单个量子态——2012年诺贝尔物理学奖简介

自然杂志 ›› 2012, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 332-336.

操纵和测量单个量子态——2012年诺贝尔物理学奖简介

郭文祥^①，刘伍明^②

①本科生，清华大学物理系，北京100084；②研究员，中国科学院物理研究所，北京100190

收稿日期:2012-11-14 修回日期:2012-11-30 出版日期:2012-12-25 发布日期:2012-12-25
基金资助:
量子调控国家重大科学研究计划（2011CB921500）；中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDA04072800）

Measuring and Manipulating Individual Quantum Systems:A Brief Introduction to the Nobel Prize in Physics 2012

GUO Wen-xiang^①, LIU Wu-ming^②

①Undergraduate, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University,Beijing 100083,China;②Professor, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190,China

Received:2012-11-14 Revised:2012-11-30 Online:2012-12-25 Published:2012-12-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 同为68岁的法国科学家塞尔日·阿罗什（Serge Haroche）与美国科学家大卫·维因兰德(David J. Wineland)分享了2012年诺贝尔物理学奖。他们的突破性研究，让原本神秘的量子世界不再“与世隔绝”。在量子世界中，粒子行为不遵从经典物理学规律，人类对量子的观测更是难上加难。通过巧妙的实验方法，阿罗什和维因兰德的研究小组成功地实现对单个量子态的测量和控制，颠覆了之前人们认为的其无法被直接观测的看法。

关键词: 非破坏性测量, 量子光学, 量子操控

Abstract: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012 was awarded jointly to Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland "for groundbreaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems". Haroche and Wineland opened the door to a new era of experimentation with quantum physics by demonstrating the direct observation of individual quantum systems without destroying them. For single particles of light or matter, the laws of classical physics cease to apply and quantum physics takes over. Thus many seemingly bizarre phenomena predicted by quantum mechanics could not be directly observed. They independently invented and developed groundbreaking methods for measuring and manipulating individual particles while preserving their quantummechanical nature, in ways that were previously thought unattainable.

Key words: nondestructive measurement, quantum optics, quantum manipulation

郭文祥刘伍明. 操纵和测量单个量子态——2012年诺贝尔物理学奖简介[J]. 自然杂志, 2012, 34(6): 332-336.

GUO Wen-Xiang, LIU Wu-Ming. Measuring and Manipulating Individual Quantum Systems:A Brief Introduction to the Nobel Prize in Physics 2012[J]. Chinese Journal of Nature, 2012, 34(6): 332-336.