自然杂志 ›› 2014, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 14-23.

• 专题综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

后口动物咽鳃裂的起源和演化*

欧强① 舒德干②   

  1. ①副教授，中国地质大学(北京)早期生命演化实验室，北京 100083；②中国科学院院士，西北大学地质学系早期生命研究所及大陆动力学国家重点实验室，西安 710069
  • 收稿日期:2013-10-15 修回日期:2013-11-15 出版日期:2014-02-25 发布日期:2014-02-25
  • 基金资助:

    *国家自然科学基金(41102012)，陕西省自然科学基金(2011JZ006)，中央高校基本科研业务资金(2011YXL013，2012097)和教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”(53900264086)资助

Origin and evolution of pharyngeal gill slits in Deuterostomia

OU Qiang①, SHU De-gan②   

  1. ①Associate Professor, Early Life Evolution Laboratory, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; ②CAS Member, Early Life Institute and State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
  • Received:2013-10-15 Revised:2013-11-15 Online:2014-02-25 Published:2014-02-25

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摘要： 咽鳃裂构造是定义后口动物亚界的一个关键性状。寒武纪古虫动物门由于体侧的五对咽鳃裂及一系列的原始性状被论证为后口动物谱系最理想的一个根底类群。古虫动物咽鳃裂被证实与后口动物咽鳃裂同源，其原始功能主要是排出咽内海水。古虫动物门的出现标志着后口动物咽鳃裂的起源。咽鳃裂的诞生引发了动物界摄食及呼吸等基础新陈代谢的革命，并为后口动物的崛起奠定了基础。

关键词: 寒武纪, 澄江生物群, 古虫动物, 后口动物, 咽鳃裂

Abstract:  Pharyngeal gill slits are a key synapomorphy for defining the Deuterostomia. The Cambrian vetulicolians have been demonstrated to be the most ideal stem-group deuterostomes, based on their possession of a series of gill slits combined with primitive characters. The vetulicolian gill slits are justified to be homologous to pharyngeal gill slits of deuterostomes, with their primitive function as ventilation openings to expel seawater from the pharyngeal cavity. The emergence of the phylum Vetulicolia during the Cambrian explosion of life signals the birth of the pharyngeal gill slits in deuterostomes, which triggered a revolution in efficiency of basal metabolism (not least feeding and respiration) in the kingdom Animalia and paved the way for the subsequent rise
of the Deuterostomia.

Key words: Cambrian, Chengjiang biota, Vetulicolia, Deuterostomia, pharyngeal gill slit

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