沥青混凝土材料的细观结构基因组研究是沥青路面服役性能描述及耐久性提升的关键。首先，调研现阶段主流的沥青混凝土细观结构特征的探测方法，对比分析CCD数字图像技术、X-ray CT无损检测技术以及3D激光扫描技术在沥青混凝土材料细观结构特征提取中的适用性和局限性；其次，从骨料和空隙两个方面对现阶段沥青混凝土细观结构特性的研究进行详细介绍，汇总分析材料细观结构特征的表征方法；最后，指明沥青混凝土的细观基因特性，并阐述现阶段材料细观基因组研究的不足以及研究前景。

The evaluation and genic library construction of microstructure in asphalt mixtures is the key to understand the service performance of asphalt pavement and improve the durability of materials. This review summarized the study of microstructure characteristics in asphalt mixture. Firstly, the major approaches to capture the microstructure in asphalt mixture were investigated. The digital image processing method based on CCD and X-ray CT technique, and 3D modeling method based on 3D laser scanning technique were studied and the results pointed out the applicability of each approach. Secondly, the study of microstructure characteristics in aggregates and air voids was summarized. The indexes and evaluation methods were detailed introduced. Finally, the genic characteristics of asphalt mixture microstructure were discussed. It was proposed that the genic library construction of microstructure characteristics in asphalt mixture is important to the material study in asphalt pavements.