对高存储密度的迫切需求促使人们对新型自旋电子器件进行了广泛的研究。磁性斯格明子是一种具有涡旋的磁结构，具有准粒子特性并且受到拓扑保护。因其具有小尺寸、拓扑稳定性，以及低电流阈值驱动等优势，有望应用于自旋电子学等相关领域。本文结合该领域最新研究，对磁性斯格明子的种类与性质、产生机制、材料体系和诱导调控方法等内容进行了较为详细的综述，并总结了斯格明子应用于赛道存储所面临的挑战与前景。

The urgent request for high storage density has spurred extensive research on novel spintronic devices. Magnetic skyrmions, vortex-like spin textures with quasiparticle characteristics and topological protection, have emerged as promising candidates for spintronic applications due to their nanoscale size, topological stability, and low threshold current density for driven motion. Based on the latest research in the field, our paper provides a detailed review of the types, properties, generation mechanisms, material systems, and manipulation methods of magnetic skyrmions. It also summarizes the challenges and prospects associated with the application of skyrmions in racetrack memory.