数字脑：当神经元走向代码，我们离“数字生命”还差几步？

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2026.05.010

自然杂志

• 特约专稿 • 下一篇

数字脑：当神经元走向代码，我们离“数字生命”还差几步？

姚韵捷^①，张新贺^①，刘彦彤^①，张铁林^①②③④

①中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心，上海200031；②脑认知与类脑智能全国重点实验室，上海 200031；③中国科学院自动化研究所，北京100190；④复杂系统认知与决策实验室，北京100190

收稿日期:2026-05-26
基金资助:
脑科学与类脑研究国家科技重大专项 (2025ZD0217200)、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB1010302)、中国科学院基础研究青年科学家项目(YSBR-116)、中国科学院青年创新促进会、上海领军人才计划、临港实验室基金(LG-GG-202402-06-07和LGL-1987-09)、上海市科技项目(25ZR1401370和25LN3200400)、广东省特殊支持项目(0720240209)

The digital brain: As neurons go digital, how many steps remain to “digital life”?

YAO Yunjie^①, ZHANG Xinhe^①, LIU Yantong^①, ZHANG Tielin^①②③④

① Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; ② State Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence, Shanghai 200031, China; ③ Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; ④ Laboratory of Cognition and Decision Sciences for Complex Systems, Beijing 100190, China

Received:2026-05-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2026年，Eon Systems发布一项非同行评议的数字果蝇演示，将FlyWire连接组模型与虚拟身体仿真相结合，引发关于全脑仿真边界的讨论。该数字果蝇系统通过连接组图谱来约束神经活动，并与虚拟身体耦合实现梳理身体、觅食等行为控制。这类演示虽然仍处于早期探索阶段，但它提示数字脑研究正在从静态连接图谱，逐步走向可运行、可交互和可验证的动态神经仿真系统。随着神经科学、类脑智能与计算技术的飞速发展，数字脑研究逐渐成为全球科技竞争的新高地。本文以从线虫到果蝇的数字脑模拟技术演化为线索，探讨了数字脑的技术路线、科学意义、全球局势以及局限性。通过回顾线虫全脑仿真的开创性尝试、果蝇全脑仿真从结构到功能的飞跃，揭示数字脑技术在智能涌现机制中的关键作用。希望本文可以为相关研究提供参考与启示。

关键词: 数字脑, 类脑智能, 连接组学, 神经科学

Abstract: In 2026, Eon Systems released a non-peer-reviewed demonstration of a digital fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster),
combining the FlyWire connectome model with a virtual body simulation, which sparked discussions on the boundaries of wholebrain emulation. By using the connectome as a structural constraint on neural activity and coupling it with a virtual body, the system demonstrated behavior control such as grooming and foraging. While such demonstrations remain in the early stages of exploration,they suggest that digital brain research is gradually shifting from static connectome maps towards dynamic, operational, interactive, and verifiable neural simulation systems. With the rapid development of neuroscience, brain-inspired intelligence, and computing technologies, digital brain research has become a new frontier in global technological competition. This paper traces the evolution of digital brain simulation techniques from Caenorhabditis elegans to D. melanogaster, exploring the technical routes, scientific
significance, global landscape, and limitations of digital brain research. By reviewing the pioneering attempts at whole-brain emulation of C. elegans and the leap from structure to function in D. melanogaster whole-brain simulation, we reveal the critical role of digital brain technology in the mechanisms of intelligence emergence. This review is expected to provide useful insights for future research on digital brain systems.

姚韵捷, 张新贺, 刘彦彤, 张铁林. 数字脑：当神经元走向代码，我们离“数字生命”还差几步？[J]. 自然杂志, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2026.05.010.

YAO Yunjie①, ZHANG Xinhe①, LIU Yantong①, ZHANG Tielin①②③④. The digital brain: As neurons go digital, how many steps remain to “digital life”?[J]. Chinese Journal of Nature, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2026.05.010.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.nature.shu.edu.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.0253-9608.2026.05.010

[1]	张晓林. 类脑智能引导AI未来[J]. 自然杂志, 2018, 40(5): 343-348.
[2]	吉永华. 你中有我，我中有你——脑科学时代的雷霆[J]. 自然杂志, 2015, 37(1): 61-64.
[3]	顾凡及. 脑科学和信息科学的交叉学科研究[J]. 自然杂志, 2015, 37(1): 26-32.
[4]	吕宝忠. 人类起源的三大基石——基因·社会·文化[J]. 自然杂志, 2010, 32(3): 172-175.

数字脑：当神经元走向代码，我们离“数字生命”还差几步？

The digital brain: As neurons go digital, how many steps remain to “digital life”?

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 4

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价