关键词: 真菌, 真菌病, 医学真菌学,  , 纳米氢氧化钙, 碳酸化过程, 壁画修复, 纸张除酸, 土遗址加固

Abstract: Medical mycology is an important science about the researches how pathogenic fungi and opportunistic pathogens affect mechanism of human disease, clinical diagnosis, therapy and prevention. Now it is known that more than three hundreds species of fungi can cause human diseases, which exhibit great variation of manifestation of diseases. Number of people with fungal diseases, especially deep mycoses, increased greatly. Fungal diseases become one of important diseases that affect human life quality and threat life health. Recent years, along with completion of gene sequencing of important disease fungus, researches on toxicity agents were deepened and broadened. Lots of genes that encode toxicity agents were cloned successfully, and researches on the functions of these genes and mechanism of regulation were worked. Advances in diagnosis of fungal infections were made in the past years, and some new methods are used in the diagnosis of early stage of infection. However, it exhibits some unsatisfactory results that were related with drugs sensitivities and specificities. It is emphasized that the traditional direct microscopic examination, culture and histopathology are still the standard methods in regular laboratory. Reports on fungus resistance increased in recent years. The current researches focus on relationship between mechanism of drug resistance, mode of transmission, drug resistance and clinical therapy, and then establish standard fungus susceptibility test to control further progress of drug resistance. On the other hand, the researchers should take faster steps to develop the new antifungal agents to cope with the increased drug resistance. For the characteristics including less side effect, wider resources, lower prices, and less drug resistance, the Chinese traditional medicine has a good prosperity in the future.

Key words: fungus, mycosis, medical mycology,  calcium hydroxide nanoparticle, carbonatation process, wall painting restoration, paper deacidification, consolidation of , historical earth sites