自然杂志 ›› 2010, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 63-.

• 特约专稿 •    下一篇

人类起源与进化简说

吴新智   

  1. 中国科学院院士,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京 100044
  • 收稿日期:2010-02-24 修回日期:2010-03-24 出版日期:2010-04-25 发布日期:2010-05-25

A Brief Introduction of Human Evolution

WU Xinzhi   

  1. CAS Member,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China
  • Received:2010-02-24 Revised:2010-03-24 Online:2010-04-25 Published:2010-05-25

摘要: 笔者大体上按照时代先后介绍包括600~700万年前的原初人和撒海尔人的最早期的人类、地猿、南方古猿、扁脸肯尼亚人、能人、鲁道夫人、格鲁吉亚的化石人、东南亚的直立人、魁人和弗洛勒斯人、欧洲的海德堡人、尼安德特人、非洲的匠人、罗德西亚人。接着介绍中国的直立人(俗称猿人)的主要特征,并对中国其他人类化石作了简略的介绍。其后用具体资料说明人类进化早期身材逐渐增高,这种趋势停止于大约180万年,人类的脑量则一直存在着增大的趋势,后期增速更快。笔者还简单叙述人类物质生活和精神生活的发展。最后介绍关于现代人起源的争论,特别是从人类化石的形态,古文化遗物,古气候环境等方面的资料对中国现代人起源进行了讨论。

关键词: 人类进化, 身高发展趋势, 脑量发展趋势, 现代人起源

Abstract: The author gives a brief introduction of a series of human fossils such as Orrorin,Sahelanthropus,Ardipithecus,Australopithcine,Kenyanthropus,H. habilis, H. rudolfensis,human fossils from Dmanisi,H. erectus, Meganthropus, H. floresiensis, H. heidelbergensis in Europe,Neanderthals, H. ergaster, H. rhodensiensis etc. In this article, the main morphological characters of H. erectus of China are described and other human fossils in China are briefly introduced. The author shows the human stature tended to increase before two million years ago after which this tendency stopped. The increasing tendency of brain volume persisted in the whole length of human evolution. The development of the material and spiritual lifes of hominid is also discussed.

Key words: human evolution, trend of stature, trend of brain volume, origin of modern humans