地下水化学异常与地方病*

自然杂志 ›› 2010, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 83-.

地下水化学异常与地方病*

沈照理①郭华明②徐刚③王翠珀④

①②教授，中国地质大学（北京）水资源与环境学院，北京 100083；③副研究员，上海大学环境与化学工程学院，上海 200444；④高级工程师，辽宁省地质环境监测总站，沈阳 110032

收稿日期:2010-03-19 修回日期:2010-03-19 出版日期:2010-04-25 发布日期:2010-04-25
基金资助:
*国家自然科学基金项目(40572145,40872160) ; 教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目（NCET070770）

Abnormal Groundwater Chemistry and Endemic Disease

SHEN Zhaoli①，GUO Huaming②, XU Gang③, WANG Cuipo④

①②Professor, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; ③Associate Professor,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444, China; ④Associate Professor, Liaoning Geological Environment Monitor Station, Shenyang 110032, China

Received:2010-03-19 Revised:2010-03-19 Online:2010-04-25 Published:2010-04-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 地下水化学异常是一个重大的世界性环境问题。长期饮用化学异常的地下水可严重影响居民的身体健康，导致各种地方病爆发。在我国，地方性砷中毒和地方性氟中毒是两类最为典型的地方病。高砷地下水、高氟地下水是地方性砷中毒和地方性氟中毒爆发的根本原因。这两类地下水主要形成于水文地球化学条件独特的干旱半干旱内陆盆地。这些盆地一般地下水径流缓慢，蒸发作用强烈，地下水呈弱碱性，水化学类型主要为HCO3Na型。地下水As含量和F含量是地方性砷中毒和地方性氟中毒的主要决定因素。此外，地下水的其他化学指标、居民营养状况、饮食习惯等也可影响这两类地方病的发病率。然而，我们对地方性砷中毒、地方性氟中毒的发病机理、影响因素等方面的认识还相当有限，急需开展多学科联合攻关。

关键词: 慢性砷中毒, 慢性氟中毒, 砷, 氟, 水文地球化学

Abstract: Abnormality of groundwater chemistry is a worldwide environmental issue. Longterm digestion of groundwater with abnormal chemical components adversely affects human health, resulting in various endemic diseases. Arsenicosis and fluorosis are typical endemic diseases in China. High As groundwater and high F- groundwater are the primary causes for these diseases, respectively. Those groundwaters occur in aridsemiarid inland basin with the special hydrogeochemical conditions, where the groundwater flow is very slow and the evaporation is strong. The waters, mainly HCO3Na type, are weak alkaline. Concentrations of As and F- are major factors controlling prevalence rates of arsenicosis and fluorosis, respectively. Besides, other groundwater components, habitant nutrition and diet are related to the incidence of the endemic diseases. Since little is known concerning pathogenesis of the diseases, intermultidiscipline studies should be carried out to fix the issues.

Key words: arsenicosis, fluorosis, arsenic, fluoride, hydrogeochemistry

沈照理郭华明徐刚王翠珀. 地下水化学异常与地方病*[J]. 自然杂志, 2010, 32(2): 83-.

Shen-Zhao-Li;GUO Hua-Ming;XU Gang;WANG Cui-Po. Abnormal Groundwater Chemistry and Endemic Disease[J]. Chinese Journal of Nature, 2010, 32(2): 83-.