Ia型超新星测距揭示宇宙的命运——2011年诺贝尔物理学奖简介

自然杂志 ›› 2011, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 328-333.

Ia型超新星测距揭示宇宙的命运——2011年诺贝尔物理学奖简介

王博①,张江②,王晓锋③,韩占文④

①②助理研究员，④研究员，中国科学院云南天文台，昆明 650011；③教授，清华大学物理系/清华天体物理中心，北京 100084

收稿日期:2011-11-09 修回日期:2011-11-30 出版日期:2011-12-25 发布日期:2011-12-25

Unveiling Fate of the Universe Through Observations of Type Ia Supernovae — Brief Introduction to the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011

WANG Bo①, ZHANG Jiang②, WANG Xiao-feng③, HAN Zhan-wen④

①Research Assistant, ②Research Assistant, ④Professor, Yunnan Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences，Kunming 650011, China; ③Professor, Physics Department and Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2011-11-09 Revised:2011-11-30 Online:2011-12-25 Published:2011-12-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 2011年度诺贝尔物理学奖授予了在天体物理研究领域取得杰出成就的美国科学家索尔·波尔马特、拥有美国和澳大利亚双重国籍的科学家布赖恩·施密特以及美国科学家亚当·里斯。他们通过Ia型超新星测距发现宇宙的膨胀是加速的，从而揭示了暗能量的存在。笔者将对人类认识宇宙的过程、Ia型超新星与宇宙加速膨胀、暗能量以及Ia型超新星研究中存在的问题做全面的介绍，并介绍中国学者在该领域的研究进展。文章的最后做了展望。

关键词: Ia型超新星, 宇宙加速膨胀, 暗能量, 碳氧白矮星

Abstract: The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2011 was awarded to Saul Perlmutter, Brian Schmidt and Adam Riess for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant type Ia supernovae. This leads to the hypothesis of dark energy. In this paper, we will describe the study history of the Universe, type Ia supernovae and the accelerating expansion of the Universe, dark energy, and the problems in the study of type Ia supernovae. Especially, we also introduce domestic progress and perspective in this field.

Key words: type Ia supernovae, accelerating expansion of the Universe, dark energy, C-O white dwarf

王博;张江;王晓锋;韩占文. Ia型超新星测距揭示宇宙的命运——2011年诺贝尔物理学奖简介[J]. 自然杂志, 2011, 33(6): 328-333.

WANG Bo;ZHANG Jiang;WANG Xiao-feng;HAN Zhan-wen. Unveiling Fate of the Universe Through Observations of Type Ia Supernovae — Brief Introduction to the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011[J]. Chinese Journal of Nature, 2011, 33(6): 328-333.