关键词: 金星, 飞船探测, 逆向自转, 强温室效应, 火山地貌, 陨击坑, 构造特征

Abstract: Venus is the Earth’s nearest neighbor “sister planet” with comparative size and mass，and it is very early to be speculated that Venus may be similar in the earth’s life environment, there is even creatures. But nearly half a century of detection show that Venus is more mysterious strange world what is different with the Earth. For example, the rotation of Venus is slow  in opposite directions of the Earth (retrograde rotation) one night and day of Venus equals to 116.75 of earth days, less than two night and day of Venus will spend the one year of Venus——as “one day seems like a year”.Its dense atmosphere and cloud enveloped the global, and it is hard to see the  true appearance. The atmospheric pressure at its surface is 93 times that at the earth surface, and strong greenhouse effect makes surface temperature of 467 ℃, where hot and dry environment obviously does not exist biological. 60% surface elevation difference is less than 500 meters and only 5% higher than 2 km above the surface. Different from the Moon and the Mercury with old and serious meteorite impact, the entire surface of Venus seems to be the same age and geologic young with less impact crater, and dominated by volcanic geology with an average age of less than 500 million years, where nearly 90% of the surface of the consolidation is basaltic magma, all lava flows and all kinds of volcanoes, faults and fracture, but without the earth’s delivery landscape with plate tectonic characteristics, it also do not have the ocean and river. A lot of secrets of Venus need further exploration.

Key words: Venus, spacecraft exploration, retrograde rotation, strong greenhouse effect, volcanic feature, impact crater, tectonic feature