自然杂志 ›› 2014, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 241-247.

• 专题综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

形色各异的摩擦磨损与润滑*

刘维民① 郭志光②   

  1. ①中国科学院院士,②研究员,中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所固体润滑国家重点实验室,兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2014-06-06 出版日期:2014-08-25 发布日期:2014-09-01
  • 基金资助:
    *国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2007CB607600、2013CB632300)资助

Colorful friction, wear and lubricants

LIU Wei-min①, GUO Zhi-guang②   

  1. ①CAS Member, ②Professor, State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
  • Received:2014-06-06 Online:2014-08-25 Published:2014-09-01

摘要: 简述了摩擦学的形成与发展,简要介绍了常用润滑材料及其应用。随着环保意识增强和资源短缺,绿色润滑备受重视;合成油的可设计及可控性,为发展高性能润滑油脂提供了技术途径。固体润滑材料可用于解决高低温、高辐射、超高真空等苛刻环境和工况下的摩擦磨损问题,在以航空航天为代表的高技术领域发挥了不可替代的作用。随着现代工业的进步与发展,复杂工况对润滑材料的物理化学、润滑抗磨损、生物降解等性能不断提出新的挑战,相关研究工作任重而道远。

关键词: 摩擦, 磨损, 润滑, 合成润滑油, 固体润滑

Abstract: Friction and wear occur in everywhere, which are closely related to our life. In this paper, the foundation and development of tribology are briefly introduced, and the commonly used lubricating materials with some corresponding applications are also summarized. Many efforts have been made to improve the lubrication and antiwear properties of lubricating materials. Additionally, synthetic oils can be designed to be more effectively used in different environmental conditions, expected to replace mineral oil at many areas for more benefits such as economic applicability. Solid lubricating materials play an irreplaceable role in aerospace engineering and military area due to their good resistance to high temperature, high radiation, high vacuum, and so forth. With the progress of modern industry, physical chemistry, tribological properties and biodegradation performance of lubricating materials must meet the challenges put forward by the complicated environment and severe condition.