自然杂志 ›› 2017, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 12-18.

• 专题综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

生命之初，新在哪里：我们为何生而不同

于文强   

  1. 复旦大学生物医学研究院，复旦大学上海医学院生物化学与分子生物学教研室，复旦大学代谢与分子医学教育部重点实验室，上海 200032
  • 出版日期:2017-02-25 发布日期:2017-03-09
  • 作者简介:通信作者，长江学者特聘教授，国家重点基础研究发展计划“染色质解码的基础及医学应用基础研究”项目首席科学家，主要研究方向为非编码RNA与染色质修饰的互动与协调。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(31671308)、国家重点研发计划(精准医学专项)(2016YFC0900300)资助

Why we are born to be different: starting from epigenetics

YU Wenqiang   

  1. Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
  • Online:2017-02-25 Published:2017-03-09

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摘要：

新生命究竟“新”在哪里？经典的遗传学观念认为基因决定表型，但同卵双生的双胞胎基因几乎完全相同，为何依然存在很大差别？越来越多的研究证实，代际间的表观遗传改变决定了我们生而不同。表观遗传学是指独立于DNA序列改变的遗传，主要包含DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码RNA等。本文生动形象地介绍了表观遗传的概念及核心内容，重点描绘了表观遗传修饰(包括DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰)在早期胚胎发育过程中的动态变化，有助于我们深入理解表观遗传在新
生命发生过程中的作用。

关键词: 新生命, 表观遗传学, 早期胚胎发育, DNA甲基化, 组蛋白修饰

Abstract:

Why we are born to be different? Canonical genetics believes that it is gene which determines phenotypes. However, it can not explain why identical twins with nearly the same sets of genes are still different in various characteristics. Emerging evidences support that what makes us different is epigenetics. Epigenetics refers to the study of stably heritable phenotype resulting from changes in chromatin without alterations in the DNA sequence, including DNA methylation, histone covalent modification and non-coding RNAs, etc. This review paper introduces the core concepts and contents of epigenetics vividly, depicting the roles that epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation and histone modification) play in the early embryonic development emphatically, which help us to better understand the role of epigenetics in the new life development.

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