自然杂志 ›› 2013, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 402-407.

• 诺贝尔奖简介 • 上一篇    下一篇

质量之谜：希格斯机制与希格斯玻色子——2013年诺贝尔物理学奖简介

王寰宇① 陈星② 黄飞杰③ 刘伍明④   

  1. ①本科生，中国人民大学物理系，北京100872；中国科学院物理研究所，北京100190；②本科生，北京理工大学数学系，北京100081；中国科学院物理研究所，北京100190；③博士研究生，④研究员，中国科学院物理研究所，北京100190
  • 收稿日期:2013-10-29 修回日期:2013-11-29 出版日期:2013-12-25 发布日期:2013-12-25

The mystery of the source of mass: the BEH mechanism and Higgs Boson: A brief introduction to the Noble Prize in Physics 2013

WANG Huan-yu①，CHEN Xing②，HUANG Fei-jie③，LIU Wu-ming④   

  1. ①Undergraduate, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China; Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190，China; ②Undergraduate, Department of Mathematics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China；Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; ③Ph.D. Candidate, ④Professor, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • Received:2013-10-29 Revised:2013-11-29 Online:2013-12-25 Published:2013-12-25

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摘要： 质量之谜长期以来一直困扰着物理学家们。直到1964 年，恩格勒、布绕特与希格斯才提出了生成质量的机制，此机制中预言的希格斯玻色子一直萍踪难觅。为搜寻该粒子，欧洲核子中心(Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire，CERN)斥资60 亿欧元建设大型强子对撞机(Large Hadron Collider，LHC)。2012 年7 月LHC 的超环面实验组(A Toroidal LHC Apparatus， ATLAS)与紧凑渺子线圈实验组(Compact Muon Solenoid，CMS)分别宣布找到了希格斯粒子。至此，人类也揭开了上帝粒子的神秘面纱，此机制的提出者也被授予2013 年诺贝尔物理学奖。

关键词: 希格斯机制, 玻色子, 自发对称性破缺, 质量

Abstract:  How particles obtain the mass has long been puzzled to the physicists. In 1964，Englert，Brout put forward a mechanism about local spontaneous symmetry breaking and solved the problem. Soon afterwards, Higgs proposed the same theory (Englert and Brout’s paper has not been published yet). The predicted Higgs boson has long been hard to be found until 2012. The Higgs boson was finally found in the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) built by the CERN at the price of 6 billions. Two experiment groups ATLAS and CMS within the CERN accomplished the finding work independently, which proved the BEH mechanism. Englert and Higgs were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their theory.

Key words: Higgs mechanism, boson, spontaneous symmetry breaking, mass

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