自然杂志 ›› 2011, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 255-259.

• 专题综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

岩浆与岩浆岩:地球深部“探针”与演化记录

莫宣学   

  1. 中国科学院院士,教授,中国地质大学(北京),北京100083
  • 收稿日期:2011-05-23 修回日期:2011-06-23 出版日期:2011-10-25 发布日期:2011-11-03

Magma and Magmatic/Igneous Rocks: a Lithoprobe into the Deep Earth and Records of the Earth’s Evolution

MO Xuan-xue   

  1.  CAS Member,Professor, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083,China
  • Received:2011-05-23 Revised:2011-06-23 Online:2011-10-25 Published:2011-11-03

摘要: 岩浆是在地下形成的含挥发分的高温粘稠的硅酸盐或碳酸盐熔融体,由岩浆凝固而成的岩石称为岩浆岩或火成岩。用科学的方法来观察和解释它们,它们就不是一堆死气沉沉、枯燥无味的石头,而是一部引人入胜的“无字天书”。地球系统是一个整体,它是由从地心到地表的多个层圈构成的。岩浆是地球各层圈之间相互作用的产物,是地球各层圈之间物质和能量交换的重要使者。研究岩浆作用与岩浆岩有三个方面的意义:①岩浆岩及其所携带的深源岩石包体可以被称作探测地球深部的“探针”(lithoprobe)和“窗口”(window)。②岩浆岩也是板块运动与大地构造事件的记录,通过岩浆岩的研究,可以恢复古板块构造格局,追溯大地构造演化历史。③归根到底,是服务于人类社会对于合理利用资源,改善环境,减轻自然灾害的需求。

关键词: 岩浆, 岩浆岩, 地球系统, 深部“探针”, 构造事件记录, 资源, 环境, 灾害

Abstract: Magmas are volatilebearing high temperature and viscous silicate or carbonate melts generated from depths of the Earth. Magmatic/igneous rocks are the production of condensation of magmas. Geodynamically, magmas are as a result of the interaction among various spheres of the Earth’s system and play roles of messengers carrying mass and energy from one to the other spheres. Therefore, igneous rocks and deepseated nodules carried are deservedly regarded as a lithoprobe into the depth of the Earth. Also igneous rocks are regarded as records of tectonic events, from which tectonic histories can be reconstructed. Consequently, the studies of igneous petrology are in the service of the people’s demands in natural resources, environment improvement and hazards alleviation.  

Key words: magmas, magmatic/igneous rock, the Earth’s system, lithoprobe into the deep earth, record of tectonic events, resource, environment, hazard